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Full Description
General circulation model (GCM) experiments in the late 1970's indicated that the climate is sensitive to variations in evaporation at the land surface. Thus, in the context of climate modeling, it became important to develop techniques which would realistically estimate the evaporation flux on land. Land Surface Evaporation: Measurement and Parameterization discusses strategies for the use of experimental data in developing and testing parameterization schemes of the evaporation flux in GCM's. The book reviews state-of-the-art techniques, such as remote sensing, which measure evaporation fluxes over continental surfaces. It evaluates their relevance with respect to the various spatial and temporal scales of interest. This book will provide researchers in climatology, meteorology, hydrology and water management, and remote sensing with a thorough overview of current research in land surface evaporation. It will also give young scientists insight into surface processes.
Contents
1 Introduction.- 2 Atmospheric Parameterization Schemes for Evaporation over Land: Basic Concepts and Climate Modeling Aspects.- 3 Parameterization of Land-Surface Processes in Numerical Weather Prediction.- 4 Parameterization Schemes of Land-Surface Processes for Mesoscale Atmospheric Models.- 5 Evaporation Models in Hydrology.- 6 A Two-Dimensional Model of the Hydrological Response of a Hillslope.- 7 Introduction of a Realistic Soil-Vegetation Component in a Hydrological Model: Application to HAPEX-MOBILHY Experiment.- 8 Land Surface Processes: Description, Theoretical Approaches and Physical Laws Underlying Their Measurements.- 9 Fluxes in the Surface Layer Under Advective Conditions.- 10 A Critical Assessment of the Samer Network Accuracy.- 11 Using One- or Two-Layer Models for Evaporation Estimation with Remotely Sensed Data.- 12 On the Maintenance and Measurement of Scalar Fluxes.- 13 Errors in Eddy Correlation Turbulence Measurements from Aircraft: Application to HAPEX-MOBILHY.- 14 Water Vapor Flux Measurements from Aircraft.- 15 Heat and Moisture Fluxes over the Pine Forest in HAPEX.- 16 Temporal Variation of Heat and Moisture Flux Within the Atmospheric Boundary Layer over a Grassland.- 17 Use of Soil Moisture Measurements in Hydrologic Balance Studies.- 18 Indirect Measurements of Fluxes Using Dopper Sodar.- 19 In Situ Water Vapor Measurements in the Lyman-alpha and Infrared Spectrum: Theory and Components.- 20 Remote Sensing Observations for the Monitoring of Land-Surface Fluxes and Water Budgets.- 21 Recent Advances in Modeling the Infrared Temperature of Vegetation Canopies.- 22 Computer Simulation of Regional Evapotranspiration by Integrating Landscape Biophysical Attributes with Satellite Data.- 23 Implications for Remote Sensing of Natural Switching fromAtmosphere-Controlled to Soil-Controlled Evaporation or Infiltration.- 24 An Example of Spatial Integration of a Land-Surface Parameterization in a Meso-Beta-Scale Model.- 25 HAPEX-MOBILHY Data Base.- 26 The FIFE Data.- Appendix: Acronyms and Abbreviations.
