Full Description
This cohesive set of case studies collects scholarly research, policy evaluation, and field experience to explain how terrorist groups have developed into criminal enterprises.
Terrorist groups have evolved from orthodox global insurgents funded by rogue sponsors into nimble and profitable transnational criminal enterprises whose motivations are not always evident. This volume seeks to explain how and why terrorist groups are often now criminal enterprises through 12 case studies of terrorist criminal enterprises written by authors who have derived their expertise on terrorism and/or organized crime from diverse sources. Terrorist groups have been chosen from different regions to provide the global coverage.
Chapters describe and analyze the actors, actions, problems, and collaborations of specific terrorist criminal enterprises. Other elements discussed include links to such facilitating conditions as political culture, corruption, history, economy, and issues of governance. This work advances scholarship in the field of counterterrorism by expanding the understanding of these terrorist groups as entities not driven purely by ideology but rather by the criminal enterprises with which they often coincide.
Contents
Foreword by Christopher A. Kojm
Acknowledgments
Terminology and Abbreviations
1 An Introduction to Terrorist Criminal Enterprises
Kimberley L. Thachuk and Rollie Lal
2 The Gangsterization of Terrorism
Kimberley L. Thachuk
3 Da'esh in Iraq and Syria: Terrorist Criminal Enterprise
Colin P. Clarke and Phil Williams
4 Da'esh and Al-Qaida in Europe
Rollie Lal
5 The Industry of Terror: Criminal Financing of the North Caucasus Insurgency
Yuliya Zabyelina
6 The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC): A Transnational Criminal-Insurgent-Terror Phenomenon
Max G. Manwaring
7 Boko Haram and al-Shabaab: Adaptable Criminal Financing amid Expanded Terror
Omar S. Mahmood
8 The Haqqani Network: Gangster Jihadists
Kimberley L. Thachuk
9 The Evolution of the PKK into a Criminal Enterprise
Mahmut Cengiz and Süleyman Özeren
10 Hezbollah: The Continuing Expansion of a Robust Criminal Enterprise
Rhea D. Siers
11 Cashing in on Fragility: Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb and Crime in the Sahelo-Saharan Region
Audra Grant
12 The Abu Sayyaf Group: A Destructive Duality
Richard T. Oakley
13 Policy Options: Combating Terrorist Criminal Enterprises
Rollie Lal
About the Editors and Contributors
Index
