Full Description
Using the flexibility and power of Excel, this book offers a novel approach to learning the fundamentals of chemical equilibria. The text allows readers to produce and digest large assemblies of numerical data/calculations while still focusing on the chemistry. It has been designed both as a supplement to an undergraduate quantitative analysis course or as a text in a graduate-level advanced analytical chemistry course. Professional chemists will also find this to be an excellent introduction to spreadsheet applications in the lab and a modern overview of analytical chemistry in a self-study format. The authors include problems at the end of each chapter.
Contents
IntroductionStoichiometric ConceptsSpreadsheets in Chemical CalculationsElemental Excel Operations and Stoichiometric Calculations Chemical Equilibrium Importance of Equilibrium Calculations Reversible Reactions. Free Energy and Chemical Equilibrium Free Energy and the Equilibrium ConstantRelation between Activity and ConcentrationEquilibrium Expression for Various Types of ReactionsFactors Affecting EquilibriumConstantsThe Role of Activity in Equilibrium Calculations Activity and the Equilibrium ExpressionsThe Ionic Strength of a Solution. The Debye-Huckel Theory of Strong Electrolytes Activity Coefficient Corrections. Activity Coefficients of IonsActivity Coefficients of Molecular SolutesActivities and Equilibrium CalculationsAcid Base Equilibrium Theories of Acids and BasesStrengths of Acids and BasesThe Concept of pHExpressing Concentrations by Means of Fractions of DissociationDerivation of ExpressionsProton Balance EquationsRepresentation of ConcentrationGraphical-Algebraic Solution of PBEsAcid-Base Equilibrium Calculations with the Spreadsheet The Pointer Function in pH CalculationsMetal Complex EquilibriaIntroductionGeneral Metal-ComplexiiEffect of pH on Metal-Complex EquilibriaMetal Complex Equilibria Involving Several Complexing AgentsConditional Formation ConstantsPrecipitation EquilibriaFactors Affecting Electrolyte SolubilitySolubility and Solubility Product Factors Affecting Product ConstantsRules for PrecipitationQuantitative Relationship between Solubility and Solubility ProductsThe Common Ion EffectSelective PrecipitationConditional Solubility Product ConstantsCalculations in Which pH Not GivenSide Reactions Involving the CationLewis Bases Other Than the PrecipitantOxidation Reduction EquilibriaHalf-Cell ReactionsRedox StoichiometryExpressions of Redox EquilibriumNernst EquationElectrode Potentials, E and pETypes of Half-CellsElectrode Potential Sign ConventionsFactors That Affect Electrode PotentialsEffect of Concentration on Electrode PotentialspE-Log Concentration Graphs, f, p, and KFormal PotentialsPourbaix DiagramsTitrations I: Bronsted Acids and BasesNature of TitrationsUse of PBE to Derive Titration CurvesWeak Acid-Strong Base CurvesWeak Base-Strong Acid CurvesCalculation of Selected Points on CurveCharacterizing Titration CurvesVisual Acid-Base IndicatorsOne- and Two-Color IndicatorsTitration Curve Calculus. Buffer IndexSharpness Index and Titration ErrorsLocating the Equivalence Point. Gran MethodTitrations II: Metal Complex Titrations Derivation of Complexometric Titration Curve EquationsRole of pH and Auxiliary Ligands in Complexometric TitrationsCalculation of Selected Points on CurvesMetallochromic IndicatorsLocating EndpointsTitrations III: Redox TitrationsDerivation of Titration Curve EquationsTitrations IV: Precipitation TitrationsTitration Curve EquationsMohr TitrationTitration of Mixtures of HalidesStatistical Treatment of DataMean, Variance, and Standard DeviationPrecision and AccuracyClassification of ErrorsThe Gaussian Error FunctionConfidence Intervals and Confidence LimitsStatistical Analysis of Small Sets of DataComparison of Two MeansPropagation of ErrorsNoise FunctionSpectrometryInteraction of Matter and-Electromagnetic EnergyBeer-Lambert LawSeparation Processes: General Concepts Fundamental DefinitionsSeparation FactorMultistage SeparationsSolvent Extraction EquilibriaIon Exchange EquilibriaMultistage Separation ProcessesCountercurrent DistributionChromatographyKinetic Methods in AnalysisExperimental Determination of Equilibrium ConstantsPotentiometric MethodsSpectrophotometric MethodsAppendix A: Acid Base Equilibrium ConstantsAppendix B: Metal Complex Formation ConstantsAppendix C: Solubility Product ConstantsAppendix D: Standard Oxidation PotentialsAppendix E: Summary of Frequently Used Excel Commands Appendix F: "What Do You Want From Me?" An Outline Of Review Of General Chemistry Highlights
