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Full Description
Updating and reorganizing the valuable information in the first edition to enhance logical development, Transformer Design Principles: With Applications to Core-Form Power Transformers, Second Edition remains focused on the basic physical concepts behind transformer design and operation. Starting with first principles, this book develops the reader's understanding of the rationale behind design practices by illustrating how basic formulae and modeling procedures are derived and used.Simplifies presentation and emphasizes fundamentals, making it easy to apply presented results to your own designs The models, formulae, and methods illustrated in this book cover the crucial electrical, mechanical, and thermal aspects that must be satisfied in transformer design. The text also provides detailed mathematical techniques that enable users to implement these models on a computer. The authors take advantage of the increased availability of electromagnetic 2D and 3D finite element programs, using them to make calculations, especially in conjunction with the impedance boundary method for dealing with eddy current losses in high-permeability materials such as tank walls.Includes new or updated material on:Multi terminal transformersPhasors and three-phase connectionsImpulse generators and air core reactorsMethodology for voltage breakdown in oilZig-zag transformersWinding capacitancesImpulse voltage distributionsTemperature distributions in the windings and oilFault type and fault current analysesAlthough the book's focus is on power transformers, the transformer circuit models presented can be used in electrical circuits, including large power grids. In addition to the standard transformer types, the book explores multi-terminal transformer models, which allow complicated winding interconnections and are often used in phase shifting and rectifying applications. With its versatile coverage of transformers, this book can be used by practicing design and utility engineers, students, and anyone else who requires knowledge of design and operational characteristics.
Contents
IntroductionHistorical BackgroundUses in Power SystemsCore-Form and Shell-Form TransformersStacked and Wound Core ConstructionTransformer CoolingWinding TypesInsulation StructuresStructural ElementsModern TrendsMagnetism and Related Core IssuesBasic MagnetismHysteresisMagnetic CircuitsInrush CurrentDistinguishing Inrush from Fault CurrentOptimal Core StackingCircuit Model of a Two-Winding Transformer with CoreCircuit Model of the CoreTwo-Winding Transformer Circuit Model with CoreApproximate Two-Winding Transformer Circuit Model without CoreVector Diagram of a Loaded Transformer with CorePer-Unit SystemVoltage RegulationReactance and Leakage Reactance CalculationsGeneral Method for Determining Inductances and Mutual InductancesTwo-Winding Leakage Reactance FormulaIdeal Two-, Three-, and Multiwinding TransformersLeakage Reactance for Two-Winding Transformers Based on Circuit ParametersLeakage Reactances for Three-Winding TransformersPhasors, Three-Phase Connections, and Symmetrical ComponentsPhasorsWye and Delta Three-Phase ConnectionsZig-Zag ConnectionScott ConnectionSymmetrical ComponentsFault Current AnalysisFault Current Analysis on Three-Phase SystemsFault Currents for Transformers with Two Terminals per PhaseFault Currents for Transformers with Three Terminals per Phase Asymmetry FactorPhase-Shifting and Zig-Zag TransformersBasic PrinciplesSquashed Delta Phase-Shifting TransformerStandard Delta Phase-Shifting TransformerTwo-Core Phase-Shifting TransformerRegulation EffectsFault Current AnalysisZig-Zag Transformer Multi-terminal Three-Phase Transformer ModelTheoryTransformers with Winding Connections within a PhaseMultiphase TransformersGeneralizing the ModelRegulation and Terminal ImpedancesMultiterminal Transformer Model for Balanced and Unbalanced Load ConditionsRabins' Method for Calculating Leakage Fields, Leakage Inductances, and Forces in TransformersTheoryRabins' Formula for Leakage ReactanceApplication of Rabins' Method to Calculate the Self-Inductance of and Mutual Inductance between Coil SectionsDetermining the B-FieldDetermination of Winding ForcesNumerical ConsiderationsMechanical DesignForce CalculationsStress AnalysisRadial Buckling StrengthStress Distribution in a Composite Wire-Paper Winding SectionAdditional Mechanical ConsiderationsElectric Field CalculationsSimple GeometriesElectric Field Calculations Using Conformal MappingFinite Element Electric Field CalculationsCapacitance CalculationsDistributive Capacitance along a Winding or DiskStein's Disk Capacitance FormulaGeneral Disk Capacitance FormulaCoil Grounded at One End with Grounded Cylinders on Either SideStatic Ring on One Side of DiskTerminal Disk without a Static RingCapacitance MatrixTwo Static RingsStatic Ring Between the First Two DisksWinding Disk Capacitances with Wound-in ShieldsMultistart Winding CapacitanceVoltage Breakdown and High-Voltage DesignPrinciples of Voltage BreakdownGeometric Dependence of Transformer-Oil BreakdownInsulation CoordinationContinuum Model of Winding Used to Obtain the Impulse-Voltage DistributionLumped-Parameter Model for Transient VoltageDistributionLossesNo-Load or Core LossesLoad LossesTank and Shield Losses Due to Nearby BusbarsTank Losses Associated with the BushingsThermal DesignThermal Model of a Disk Coil with Directed Oil FlowThermal Model for Coils without Directed Oil FlowRadiator Thermal ModelTank CoolingOil Mixing in the TankTime DependencePumped FlowComparison with Test ResultsDetermining m and n ExponentsLoss of Life CalculationCable and Lead Temperature CalculationTank Wall Temperature CalculationTieplate TemperatureCore Steel Temperature CalculationLoad Tap ChangersGeneral Description of Load Tap ChangerTypes of RegulationPrinciples of OperationConnection SchemesGeneral MaintenanceMiscellaneous TopicsSetting the Impulse Test Generator to Achieve Close to Ideal WaveshapesImpulse or Lightning Strike on a Transformer through a Length of CableAir Core InductanceElectrical ContactsReferencesIndex
