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Full Description
In this dramatically revised and expanded second edition of the work entitled Pan's Travail, J. Donald Hughes examines the environmental history of the classical period and argues that the decline of ancient civilizations resulted in part from their exploitation of the natural world. Focusing on Greece and Rome, as well as areas subject to their influences, Hughes offers a detailed look at the impact of humans and their technologies on the ecology of the Mediterranean basin. Evidence of deforestation in ancient Greece, the remains of Roman aqueducts and mines, and paintings on centuries-old pottery that depict agricultural activities document ancient actions that resulted in detrimental consequences to the environment. Hughes compares the ancient world's environmental problems to other persistent social problems and discusses attitudes toward nature expressed in Greek and Latin literature. In addition to extensive revisions based on the latest research, this new edition includes photographs from Hughes' worldwide excursions, a new chapter on warfare and the environment, and an updated bibliography.
Contents
Preface
1. Introduction: Ecology in the Greek and Roman World
2. The Environment: Life, Land, and Sea in the Mediterranean
3. Ecological Crises in Earlier Societies
4. Concepts of the Natural World
5. Deforestation, Overgrazing, and Erosion
6. Wildlife Depletion and Loss of Habitat
7. Agricultural Decline
8. Industrial Technology and Environmental Damage
9. War and the Environment
10. Urban Problems
11. Paradises and Parks, Gardens and Groves
12. Natural Disasters
13. Changing Climates
14. Environmental Problems as Factors in the Decline of Greek and Roman Civilization
Notes
Bibliography
Index
