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基本説明
Introduces the conceptual and mathematical frameworks used to formulate models of soil erosion and uses case studies to show how models are applied to a variety of purposes at a range of spatial and temporal scales. The aim is to provide land managers and others with the tools required to select a model appropriate to the type and scale of erosion problem, to show what users can expect in terms of accuracy of model predictions and to provide an appreciation of both the advantages and limitations of models. Problems covered include those arising from agriculture, the construction industry, pollution and climatic change and range in scale from farms to small and large catchments.
Full Description
The movement of sediment and associated pollutants over the landscape and into water bodies is of increasing concern with respect to pollution control, prevention of muddy floods and environmental protection. In addition, the loss of soil on site has implications for declining agricultural productivity, loss of biodiversity and decreased amenity and landscape value. The fate of sediment and the conservation of soil are important issues for land managers and decision-makers. In developing appropriate policies and solutions, managers and researchers are making greater use of erosion models to characterise the processes of erosion and their interaction with the landscape. A study of erosion requires one to think in terms of microseconds to understand the mechanics of impact of a single raindrop on a soil surface, while landscapes form over periods of thousands of years. These processes operate on scales of millimetres for single raindrops to mega-metres for continents. Erosion modelling thus covers quite a lot of ground. This book introduces the conceptual and mathematical frameworks used to formulate models of soil erosion and uses case studies to show how models are applied to a variety of purposes at a range of spatial and temporal scales. The aim is to provide land managers and others with the tools required to select a model appropriate to the type and scale of erosion problem, to show what users can expect in terms of accuracy of model predictions and to provide an appreciation of both the advantages and limitations of models. Problems covered include those arising from agriculture, the construction industry, pollution and climatic change and range in scale from farms to small and large catchments. The book will also be useful to students and research scientists as an up-to-date review of the state-of-art of erosion modelling and, through a knowledge of how models are used in practice, in highlighting the gaps in knowledge that need to be filled in order to develop even better models.
Contents
List of contributors vii
1 Introduction 1
R.P.C. Morgan
PART 1 MODEL DEVELOPMENT 7
2 Model Development: A User's Perspective 9
R.P.C. Morgan
3 Calibration of Erosion Models 33
V.G. Jetten and M.P. Maneta
4 Dealing with Uncertainty in Erosion Model Predictions 52
K.J. Beven and R.E. Brazier
5 A Case Study of Uncertainty: Applying GLUE to EUROSEM 80
J.N. Quinton, T. Krueger, J. Freer, R.E. Brazier and G.S. Bilotta
6 Scaling Soil Erosion Models in Space and Time 98
R.E. Brazier, C.J. Hutton, A.J. Parsons and J. Wainwright
7 Misapplications and Misconceptions of Erosion Models 117
G. Govers
PART 2 MODEL APPLICATIONS 135
8 Universal Soil Loss Equation and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 137
K.G. Renard, D.C. Yoder, D.T. Lightle and S.M. Dabney
9 Application of WEPP to Sustainable Management of a SmallCatchment in South west Missouri,US, Under Present Land Use and with Climatic Change 168
J.M. Laflen
10 Predicting Soil Loss and Runoff from Forest Roads and Seasonal Cropping Systems in Brazil using WEPP 186 A.J.T. Guerra and A. Soares
da Silva
11 Use of GUEST Technology to Parameterize a Physically-Based Model for Assessing Soil Erodibility and Evaluating Conservation Practices in Tropical Steeplands 195
C.W. Rose, B. Yu, R.K. Misra, K. Coughlan and B. Fentie
12 Evaluating Effects of Soil and Water Management and Land Use Change on the Loess Plateau of China using LISEM 223
R. Hessel, V.G. Jetten, B. Liu and Y. Qiu
13 Modelling the Role of Vegetated Buffer Strips in Reducing Transfer of Sediment from Land to Watercourses 249
J.H. Duzant, R.P.C. Morgan, G.A. Wood and L.K. Deeks
14 Predicting Impacts of LandUse and Climate Change on Erosion and Sediment Yield in River Basins using SHETRAN 263
J.C. Bathurst
15 Modelling Impacts of Climatic Change: Case Studies using the New Generation of Erosion Models 289
J.P. Nunes and M.A. Nearing
16 Risk-Based Erosion Assessment: Application to Forest Watershed Management and Planning 313
W.J. Elliot and P.R. Robichaud
17 The Future Role of Information Technology in Erosion Modelling 324
D.P. Guertin and D.C. Goodrich
18 Applications of Long-Term Erosion and Landscape Evolution Models 339
G.R. Willgoose and G.R. Hancock
19 Gully Erosion: Procedures to Adopt When Modelling Soil Erosion in Landscapes Affected by Gullying 360
J.W.A. Poesen, D.B. Torri and T. Vanwalleghem
PART 3 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 387
20 The Future of Soil Erosion Modelling 389
M.A. Nearing and P.B. Hairsine
Index 398
