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Full Description
Plant Defense provides an overview of all major aspects of plant defence, including defence against pathogens, parasites, and invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores. The book looks at defense mechanisms including structural and chemical defences, and constitutive and inducible defences. Including details of how plants 'sense' attack and how this is communicated within the plant and also to neighbouring plants, how plants coordinate defence responses to simultaneous multiple attacks, and the energy and resources expended by a plant in maintaining and implementing its defence systems.
Contents
Preface x
Chapter 1 Why Do Plants Need Defenses? 1
1.1 Plants as sources of food 1
1.2 Organisms that use plants as food 2
1.3 Impact of infection and herbivory in natural and agricultural ecosystems 6
1.4 Conclusions 11
Chapter 2 What Defenses Do Plants Use? 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Defenses used against pathogens 15
2.3 Defenses used against parasitic plants 37
2.4 Defenses used against nematodes 41
2.5 Defenses used against herbivorous insects 44
2.6 Defenses used against vertebrate herbivores 58
2.7 Defenses used against neighboring plants--allelopathy 64
2.8 Conclusions 66
Chapter 3 Sounding the Alarm: Signaling and Communication in Plant Defense 77
3.1 Introduction 77
3.2 Signaling in plant-pathogen interactions 77
3.3 Signaling in plant-nematode interactions 91
3.4 Signaling in plant-insect herbivore interactions 93
3.5 Signaling in interactions between plants and vertebrate herbivores 110
3.6 Signaling in interactions between plants and parasitic plants 110
3.7 Conclusions 111
Chapter 4 Plant Defense in the Real World: Multiple Attackers and Beneficial Interactions 125
4.1 Introduction 125
4.2 Dealing with multiple attackers: cross-talk between signaling pathways 126
4.3 Can beneficial plant-microbe interactions induce resistance in plants? 143
4.4 Conclusions 146
Chapter 5 The Evolution of Plant Defense 153
5.1 Introduction 153
5.2 Hypotheses of plant defense 153
5.3 Evolution of plant defense strategies 163
5.4 Patterns of plant defense evolution 169
5.5 Why do plants have induced defenses? 172
5.6 The coevolutionary arms race 183
5.7 Conclusions 191
Chapter 6 Exploiting Plant Defense 201
6.1 Introduction 201
6.2 Using plant resistance to protect crops--breeding 201
6.3 Using plant resistance to protect crops--induced resistance 213
6.4 Using plant resistance to protect crops--biotechnological approaches 220
6.5 Conclusions 224
Recommended reading 225
References 225
Index 231
