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Standard Methods for Aerospace Stress Analysis
Create safer, more reliable planes with this crucial guide
Aerospace Stress Analysis is the field of research and engineering that evaluates stresses and strains on aerospace structures. By analyzing how different materials and components respond to forces, it helps aerospace engineers build for structural integrity and safety. Combining mathematical and computational models with experimental techniques, it's a crucial component of developing viable aerospace technologies.
Standard Methods for Aerospace Stress Analysis offers a thorough, practical overview of the structural and stress analysis of both principal and secondary aircraft structures. It covers both fundamental concepts and advanced computational methods, along with key applications. With coverage of both interior and exterior structures, it's a one-stop shop for all major aspects of stress analysis.
Standard Methods for Aerospace Stress Analysis features:
Step-by-step examples for every aircraft section
Detailed discussion of methods including Finite Element Analysis
An overview of key information on static, fatigue, damage tolerance, buckling, and more
Standard Methods for Aerospace Stress Analysis is ideal for professional mechanical and aerospace engineers working in the aircraft or space industries, as well as students in the field.
Contents
List of Figures xiii
List of Tables xvii
About the Author xix
Preface xxi
About the Companion Website xxiii
1 Stress Analysis 1
1.1 Introduction to Stress Analysis 1
1.2 The Material Definitions 1
1.3 Stress-Strain Curves for Ductile Material 3
1.4 Stress-Strain Curve for Brittle Material 45
1.5 The General Methods 47
1.6 The Structure of Stress Reports 47
Problems 48
Bibliography 49
2 Aircraft and Fuselage Stress Idealization 51
2.1 Introduction to Aircraft and Fuselage Geometry 51
2.2 Idealization of Structure 56
2.3 Cross-Sectional Properties 56
2.3.1 Centroid 56
2.3.2 First Moment of Area 57
2.3.3 Second Moment of Inertia 57
2.3.4 Parallel Axis Theory 57
2.4 Stress Types 57
2.4.1 Tension 57
2.4.2 Compression 57
2.4.3 Shear 58
2.4.4 Combined Loading 58
2.4.5 Pressure 58
2.5 2D Stresses on an Inclined Angle 60
2.6 Principal Stresses 60
2.7 Mohr's Circle 61
2.8 Plane Stress and Strain 64
2.9 Von Mises Stress 65
Problems 65
Bibliography 66
3 FEA Modeling Approach 67
3.1 Introduction to General FEA Modeling Approach 67
3.2 CAD Model to FEA Model Conversion 68
3.3 Loads Extractions 70
3.4 Stress on Truss Elements 70
3.5 Stress on Beam Members 81
3.6 Finite Element Analysis of Plates 83
3.7 Finite Element Analysis Results Correlations 84
3.8 Determination of Fastener Stiffness for FEA 85
3.9 FEA of Aircraft Wings 86
3.10 FEA of Interior Monuments 88
Problems 93
Bibliography 94
4 Energy Methods 97
4.1 Introduction to Energy Methods 97
4.2 Strain Energy 97
4.3 Castigliano's Theory 98
Problems 102
Bibliography 103
5 Loads on Aircraft 105
5.1 Introduction to Loads Acting on Aircraft 105
5.2 Load Distribution and Boundary Conditions 106
5.3 Shear and Moment Diagrams 107
5.4 Bending of the Beams 113
5.5 Shear of the Beams 114
5.6 Shear Stresses due to Torsion 118
Problems 121
Bibliography 122
6 Aircraft Load Cases 123
6.1 Introduction to Load Cases 123
6.2 Aviation Loads Regulations 123
6.3 Limit and Ultimate Load Cases 123
6.4 Flight Loads 124
6.5 Maneuver Loads 124
6.6 Lateral gust 124
6.7 Design Fuel Loads 125
6.8 Ground Loads 125
6.9 Water Loads 125
6.10 Emergency Landing Load Cases 125
6.11 Side Loads 126
6.12 Pressurization 126
Bibliography 126
7 Stress Evaluation Methods 127
7.1 Introduction to Stress Evaluation Methodology 127
7.2 Structural Aspects of Design 127
7.2.1 Skin Membrane 127
7.3 Shear-Resistant Beams 133
7.4 Web Diagonal Tension 135
7.5 Web Shear Beam with Cutouts 138
7.6 Fatigue Analysis 141
7.7 Damage Tolerance 146
Problems 148
Bibliography 149
8 Composite Analysis 153
8.1 Introduction to Composite Analysis 153
8.2 Orthotropic Lamina 153
8.3 Orthotropic Layers Oriented at an Arbitrary Angle 154
8.4 Analysis of Laminate 157
8.5 Common Laminate Stack-Up Designations 160
8.6 Effective Modulus of the Laminate 164
8.7 Tsai Hill Failure Criteria 164
8.8 Tsai-Wu Failure Criteria 165
Problems 165
Bibliography 166
9 Corrosion 169
9.1 Introduction to Corrosion 169
9.2 Stress Corrosion 171
Bibliography 173
10 Joints and Fasteners 175
10.1 Introduction to Joints and Fasteners 175
10.2 Fastener-Connection Failure 175
10.2.1 Mechanical Joints (Lugs) Analysis 175
10.2.2 Mechanical Joints (Pin Bending) Analysis 177
10.3 Adhesive-Connection Failure 180
10.4 Eccentric Loading of Fasteners 181
10.5 Tension Clip Fastener Loads 183
10.6 Inter-Coupling Loading of Fasteners and Inserts 185
10.7 Welded-Connection Failure 188
10.8 Fastener Properties 188
Problems 192
Bibliography 193
11 Composite Testing Methods and Procedures 197
11.1 Introduction to Composite Testing Methods and Procedures 197
11.2 Uniaxial Tensile Test 197
11.3 (±45) Off-Axis Shear Test 198
11.4 Three-Point Bending 199
11.5 Four-Point Bending 201
11.6 Shear Testing of Sandwich Core Material 202
Bibliography 203
12 Elastic Stability and Buckling 205
12.1 Introduction to Elastic Stability 205
12.2 Column Buckling Instability 205
12.3 Column Buckling Under Combined Axial and Bending Loads 209
12.4 Multiple Column System Buckling 210
12.5 Buckling of Plates 212
12.6 Skin Inter-Rivet Buckling 215
12.7 Crippling of the Angle and Thin Complex Shapes 215
12.8 Buckling of Laminate Plates Under Axial Loading 217
12.9 Buckling of Sandwich Panels 220
12.10 Buckling of Thin Cylinder Shells 222
12.10.1 Buckling of Thin Cylinder Under External Radial Pressure 222
12.10.2 Buckling of Internally Pressurized Thin Cylinders Under Applied Axial Compressive Loading 223
12.10.3 Buckling of Unpressurized Thin Cylinders Under Applied Axial Compressive Loading 223
12.10.4 Buckling of Thin Cylinders Under Bending 224
12.10.5 Buckling of Internally Pressurized Thin Cylinders Under Bending Loading 224
Problems 226
Bibliography 227
13 Interior Monuments Analysis and Testing 231
13.1 Introduction to Interior Monuments 231
13.2 Analysis Methods 231
13.3 Testing Procedure and Requirements 233
13.4 Data Acquisition and Data Reduction 233
Bibliography 235
14 Dynamics and Vibration Aspects 237
14.1 Introduction to Dynamic and Vibration Aspects of the Structures 237
14.2 Fundamental Concepts 237
14.3 Analytical Methods for Plate Vibration 237
14.4 Computational Methods 238
Bibliography 240
Index 243
