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Full Description
Equips practitioners to solve real-world ethical challenges and strengthen their ethical reasoning skills across OEHS
Ethical Decision-making in Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety offers a comprehensive and practical guide to ethics in the occupational and environmental health and safety (OEHS) professions. By comparing professional codes of ethics across disciplines and integrating a structured decision-making algorithm, it equips readers with the tools to navigate complex ethical dilemmas. Rich case studies illustrate how ethical principles and professional standards can be applied in real-world settings.
This book will allow readers to:
Apply relevant professional codes of ethics to guide ethical decision-making using a structured ethical decision-making algorithm
Navigate safety, industrial hygiene, occupational and environmental health nursing, and occupational and environmental health medicine
Address emerging and contemporary issues, such as the ethical issues brought about by globalization and using artificial intelligence in the practice of OEHS
Understand the enforcement of ethical obligations and the consequences of ethical lapses
Benefit from the authors' combined decades of teaching ethics to students and professionals across all OEHS disciplines at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Southern California Education and Research Center in the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
Designed for both practitioners and students, this book fosters ethical sensitivity and provides a clear framework for responsible, informed action in OEHS practice.
Contents
Preface xiii
AI Declaration xv
1 Introduction to Ethics for Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety (OEHS) Professionals 1
1.1 Chapter Overview 1
1.2 Purpose of the Book 1
1.3 How to Use This Book 2
1.4 Key Themes and Objectives 3
1.5 The Role of the Algorithm 4
1.6 Structure of the Book 5
1.7 Ethical Challenges in OEHS Practice 6
1.8 Education and Professional Development 7
1.9 Vision for Ethical Leadership 7
1.10 Concluding Thoughts 8
Notes 8
2 Understanding Ethical Foundations in Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety 9
2.1 Bioethical Principles and Rules 9
2.1.1 Principle of the Respect for Autonomy 10
2.1.2 Principle of Nonmaleficence 11
2.1.3 Principle of Beneficence 12
2.1.4 Principle of Formal Justice 13
2.1.5 Rule of Veracity 15
2.1.6 Rule of Fidelity 15
2.1.7 Rule of Confidentiality 16
2.1.8 Rule of Privacy 19
2.2 Final Thoughts on Bioethics 20
2.3 Conclusion 21
2.4 What are Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety (OEHS) Ethics? 21
2.5 The Ethics of Reciprocity 24
2.6 Six Ethical Lenses 24
2.6.1 The Rights Lens 24
2.6.2 The Justice Lens 27
2.6.3 The Utilitarian Lens 29
2.6.4 The Common Good Lens 30
2.6.5 The Virtue Lens 32
2.6.6 The Care Ethics Lens 33
2.6.6.1 Central Tenets of Care Ethics 33
2.6.6.2 Application of Care Ethics to OEHS 34
2.6.6.3 Criticisms of Care Ethics 34
2.6.6.4 Conclusion 35
2.7 Using the Lenses 35
2.8 Making Decisions 35
Notes 36
3 Key Ethical Principles in Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety Professions 43
3.1 Chapter Overview 43
3.2 Integrity and Professionalism 44
3.3 Responsibility and Accountability 46
3.4 Confidentiality and Privacy 47
3.4.1 Understanding Confidentiality and Privacy 47
3.4.2 Legal and Regulatory Frameworks 48
3.4.3 Ethical Considerations 48
3.4.4 Managing Confidential Information 48
3.4.5 Challenges in Maintaining Confidentiality and Privacy 49
3.4.6 Best Practices for OEHS Professionals 49
3.4.7 The Future of Confidentiality and Privacy in OEHS 50
3.5 Social Determinants of Health 51
3.6 Social Determinants of Health Impact in Underserved Communities 53
3.7 Sustainability and Environmental Stewardship 56
3.7.1 Understanding Sustainability 56
3.7.2 Principles of Environmental Stewardship 57
3.7.3 Integrating Sustainability and Stewardship in OEHS 58
3.7.4 Applying Sustainability 59
3.7.5 The Role of OEHS Professionals in Promoting Sustainability 60
3.7.6 Challenges and Opportunities 61
3.7.7 Conclusion 61
Notes 62
4 Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety Codes of Ethics: Principles and Application 69
4.1 Introduction 69
4.2 Overview of the BCSP Code of Ethics 69
4.2.1 Key Principles 69
4.2.2 Application in Practice 70
4.3 Overview of the BGC Code of Ethics 70
4.3.1 Key Principles 70
4.3.2 Application in Practice 71
4.3.3 Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing Codes of Ethics 71
4.3.4 Occupational and Environmental Medicine Codes of Ethics 77
4.4 Comparative Analysis of Codes of Ethics 81
4.4.1 Similarities Between BSCP and BGC Codes 82
4.4.2 Differences Between BCSP and BGC Codes 82
4.4.3 Examining the Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing and Occupational and Environmental Medicine Codes of Ethics Using the Six Ethical Lenses 82
4.4.3.1 The Rights Lens 82
4.4.3.2 The Justice Lens 83
4.4.3.3 The Utilitarian Lens 83
4.4.3.4 The Common Good Lens 83
4.4.3.5 The Virtue Lens 84
4.4.3.6 The Care Ethic Lens 84
4.5 Implications for Practice 84
4.5.1 Ethical Decision- Making 84
4.5.2 Enhancing Professional Standards 85
4.6 Impact of These Ethical Codes on Practitioners 85
4.6.1 Establishing Professional Standards 85
4.6.2 Promoting Accountability 85
4.6.3 Enhancing Conflicts of Interest Management 86
4.6.4 Guiding Professional Development 86
4.6.5 Strengthening Stakeholder Relationships 88
4.6.6 Enhancing Decision- Making Frameworks 88
4.6.7 Implications for Organizational Culture 89
4.6.8 How the Codes Address Emerging Challenges in OEHS 89
4.6.9 Unique Ethical Challenges and Approaches in OEHN and OEM 90
4.7 Conclusion 95
Notes 95
5 Case Studies—Ethical Tensions in Traditional OEHS Roles and Responsibilities 105
5.1 Introduction 105
5.2 The Algorithm: A Structured Framework for Ethical Analysis 105
5.3 Rationale for the Algorithm 106
5.4 Application of the Algorithm in Case Analysis 107
5.5 Weighting System and Rationale 107
5.5.1 Mechanics of Weighting 108
5.5.1.1 Comparison of Scoring for Lenses and Codes 109
5.6 Structure of the Chapter 112
5.7 Case Studies 113
5.7.1 The Safety Professional and Equipment Safety Concerns 113
5.7.2 Communicating Environmental Health Risks to the Public 116
5.7.3 Occupational Reproductive Health Risks 120
5.7.4 Confined Space Safety 123
5.7.5 Ethical Challenges in Public Health Policy and Infectious Disease Response 126
5.7.6 Ethical Complexity in Laboratory Selection 134
5.7.7 Ethical Conflict Across OEHS Codes of Conduct 138
5.7.8 "Something in the Air"—Reporting a Colleague's Questionable Conduct 141
5.7.9 "Toxic Tradeoffs"—Hazardous Waste Disposal in a Vulnerable Community 144
5.7.10 "Reasonable Doubt or Ethical Doubt?"—Expert Witness Ethics Amid Scientific Uncertainty 146
5.7.11 Workplace Mental Health Crisis in a Manufacturing Environment 148
5.7.12 Student Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Breach During Occupational Health Clinical Rotation 152
Notes 156
6 Case Studies—Ethical Challenges in a Changing Global and Technological Environment 157
6.1 Introduction 157
6.2 Case Studies 157
6.2.1 The AI Advantage—Redefining Value in Hazard Analysis 157
6.2.2 OEHS Professional Navigates Global Supply Chain Hazards 160
6.2.3 Hazards Across Borders: Managing Worker Safety in a Developing Nation 164
6.2.4 Eyes on the Worker—Technological Surveillance vs. Worker Autonomy 167
6.2.5 Virtual Approval—Ethics of Remote Supply Chain Auditing 169
6.2.6 Smoke and Sacrifice—Disaster Ethics in Emergency Response 170
6.2.7 The Quiet Epidemic—Ethics of Post- Pandemic Occupational Health Surveillance 172
Note 174
7 AI, Globalization, and Ethics in Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety 175
7.1 Introduction 175
7.2 The Role of AI in Occupational Health and Safety 175
7.3 Ethical Considerations in Predictive Analytics for OEHS 176
7.3.1 Identifying and Addressing Exposure Trends 177
7.3.2 Evaluating Process Changes 178
7.3.3 Adjusting Controls for Variables 179
7.3.4 Organization- wide Success/Failure Database 180
7.4 Ethical Implications of Natural Language Processing in OEHS 182
7.4.1 Enhancing Safety Training and Reporting 182
7.4.2 Ethical Considerations in NLP Implementation 182
7.4.3 Balancing Innovation with Ethical Responsibility 183
7.4.4 Retrieval- Augmented Generation (RAG) in OEHS AI Systems 184
7.5 Global Perspectives on AI, Ethics, and OEHS 185
7.5.1 Impact of AI Integration on Policy and Regulation 185
7.5.2 International AI Collaboration and Standards 186
7.6 Challenges and Barriers to Ethical AI Adoption in OEHS 187
7.6.1 Ethical Considerations in AI Implementation 187
7.6.2 Technological and Ethical Resistance to AI Adoption 187
7.6.3 Organizational and Structural Barriers to AI Adoption 188
7.7 Future Implications of AI and Ethical Governance in OEHS 188
7.7.1 Establishing Ethical Guidelines and Governance Structures for AI 189
7.7.2 AI Education and Training for OEHS Professionals 189
7.7.3 Anticipating Future AI Challenges 190
7.8 Conclusion 190
Notes 191
Index 197
