Full Description
Definitive reference on studying proteome biomarkers through cardiovascular disease pathophysiology and applied mass spectrometry
Cardiovascular Proteomics Techniques explores the intersection of cardiovascular disease pathophysiology and applied mass spectrometry to study proteome biomarkers. Leading experts provide a comprehensive overview of the physiopathology of cardiovascular system diseases, along with insights into their etiology and pathogenesis through proteomics. The book features 18 chapters covering a range of topics, including mass spectrometry, proteomics, atherosclerosis, heart biology, cardiovascular diseases, experimental models, network analysis, international proteomic initiatives, clinical proteomics, and sex and gender proteomics.
Cardiovascular Proteomics Techniques also includes in depth discussions on:
Antibody-based technologies for multiplexed protein detection and quantification, and their complementary role to mass spectrometry-based protein profiling.
New findings from proteomic analysis regarding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Emerging insights into the pathobiology of acute coronary syndromes.
Network medicine as a new paradigm for cardiovascular disease research and beyond, with potential applications in drug repurposing.
Recent advances in cardiovascular plasma proteomics and previously unexplored cardiac diseases, such as Takotsubo syndrome.
This book is ideal for researchers in mass spectrometry, proteomics, life sciences, and cardiovascular studies, Cardiovascular Proteomics Techniques aims to enhance our understanding of cardiovascular issues among clinicians and stimulate future developments in proteomics for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Contents
List of Contributors xvii
Preface xxiii
1 Basic Concepts in Mass Spectrometry 1
Pietro Traldi and Gianluca Bartolucci
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Mass and Energy 2
1.3 Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analyses 4
1.4 Mass Spectrometry in Quantitative Protein/Peptide Analyses 23
1.5 Posttranslational Modifications Investigated by Mass Spectrometry 27
1.6 Outlook and Conclusion 28
References 28
2 Overview of Antibody-Based Technologies for Multiplexed Protein Detection and Quantification and Their Complementarity to Mass Spectrometry-Based Protein Profiling 31
Sonia Eligini, Erica Gianazza, and Alice Mallia
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 Clinical Potentials of Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics 31
2.3 Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analysis Workflow: from Biomarker Discovery to Validation 32
2.4 Proteomic Analysis of Biological Samples: from Sample Preparation to Proteome Characterization for the Identification of Disease or Drug Candidates 34
2.5 Applications of the Emerging Mass Spectrometry-independent Targeted Proteomic Technologies in the Cardiovascular Field 42
2.6 Conclusions 57
References 58
3 General Features of the Cardiovascular System 65
Paul A. Iaizzo
3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 Components of the Cardiovascular System 65
3.3 Summary 77
References and Resources 77
4 Albumin and Cardiovascular Diseases 79
Cristina Banfi
4.1 Introduction 79
4.1.1 Structure and Functions of Human Albumin 79
4.2 Conclusion 98
References 99
5 Platelets: From Biomarker Discovery to Drug Target Identification by Proteomics 107
Cristina Banfi
5.1 Platelet Biology 107
5.2 Platelet Activation and Signaling 108
5.3 Platelets in Diseases 112
5.4 Role of Proteomics in Platelet Study 115
5.5 Post-translational Modifications of Platelet Proteins 124
5.6 Conclusions 130
References 131
6 The Role of Proteomics in Extracellular Vesicles Research in Cardiovascular Disease 139
Maísa García-Arguinzonis and Lina Badimon
6.1 History of EVs 139
6.2 Classification of EVs 140
6.3 Biogenesis of EVs 140
6.3.1 Exosomes 140
6.3.2 Microvesicles 141
6.3.3 Apoptotic Bodies 143
6.4 Other Extracellular Particles 143
6.5 Source of EVs in Cardiovascular Disease Studies 144
6.6 EV Isolation from Cell Cultures 144
6.7 Collection of EVs from Blood 144
6.8 Urine-EVs Separation 146
6.9 EVs from Solid Tissue 146
6.10 Storage of EVs 146
6.11 Isolation and Purification Methods 147
6.12 EV Separation Methods 147
6.13 Characterization of EVs 150
6.14 Proteomics 151
6.15 EVs in Cardiovascular Diseases 155
6.16 EVs in Atherosclerosis 155
6.17 EVs in Myocardial Infarction 157
6.18 EVs in Angiogenesis 159
6.19 EVs in Heart Failure 160
6.20 Engineered EVs 161
6.21 EV Databases 162
6.22 Conclusion 163
References 163
7 Proteomics of Human Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Diseases 177
Cristina Banfi
7.1 Introduction 177
7.2 Chylomicrons Biogenesis and Metabolism 178
7.3 Very Low-Density Lipoprotein 183
7.4 Low-Density Lipoprotein 189
7.5 Lipoprotein(a) 193
7.6 High-Density Lipoprotein 196
7.7 Methodological Approaches for Isolating Lipoproteins 200
7.8 Multiplexing Analysis of Apolipoproteins in the Human Blood 202
7.9 Conclusions 203
References 204
8 Extracellular Matrix in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology: Proteomic Insights and Advancements to Mass Spectrometry-Based Characterization 215
Rachel Cahalane, Mandy E. Turner, Elena Aikawa, and Cassandra L. Clift
8.1 An Introduction to the Extracellular Matrix 215
8.2 Extracellular Matrix in Cardiovascular Pathobiology 219
8.3 Proteomic Targeting of the ECM 233
8.4 Conclusions and Future Directions 235
References 236
9 Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis: What We are Learning from Proteomics 255
David del Rio-Aledo, Estefanía Núñez, Emilio Camafeita, Isabel Cerro-Pardo, Rafael Barrero, Ana Martínez del Val, Consuelo Marín, Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio, Jesús Vázquez, and Jose L. Martin-Ventura
9.1 Introduction 255
9.2 Fundamentals of Proteomics in Atherosclerosis 255
9.3 Mechanisms Involved in Atherosclerotic Plaque Development and Progression 260
9.4 Proteomic Biomarkers in Atherosclerosis 268
9.5 Future Perspectives and Challenges in Atherosclerosis Proteomics 270
9.6 Concluding Remarks 273
References 273
10 Emerging Insights into the Pathobiology of Acute Coronary Syndromes 283
Gabriele Nieddu, Marilena Formato, and Antonio J. Lepedda
10.1 Introduction 283
10.2 Searching for Circulating Biomarkers of ACS by Applying MS-based Technologies 289
10.3 Atherosclerotic Plaque Dissection through Proteomics 299
10.4 Conclusions 302
References 303
11 Valvular Heart Disease, from Physiopathology to Biomarker Discovery 313
Sasha A. Singh and Elena Aikawa
11.1 Introduction 313
11.2 Physiopathology of Valvular Heart Disease, a Historical Perspective 314
References 333
12 Pathophysiology of Heart Failure 341
Giorgia Panichella and Alberto Aimo
12.1 Introduction 341
12.2 Hemodynamic and Structural Changes 342
12.3 Neurohormonal Dysregulation 344
12.4 Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms 351
12.5 Comorbidities and Multisystem Involvement 354
12.6 Right Ventricle in Heart Failure 355
12.7 Genetic Contributions to Heart Failure 356
12.8 Heart Failure as a Continuum Spectrum 357
12.9 Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction 358
12.10 The Contribution of Proteomics in Heart Failure 360
12.11 Conclusions 362
References 362
13 Diseases of the Aorta, Recent Insights 371
Raghav Gupta, Ashley Dinh, Sarah J. Parker, and Elizabeth L. Chou
13.1 Introduction 371
13.2 Epidemiology of Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection 372
13.3 Aortic Physiology 373
13.4 Investigation of Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections 374
13.5 Summary of Genes Linked to Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection 375
13.6 The Omics of Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection 378
13.7 The Unique Value of Proteomics for Hereditary Aneurysm Research 379
13.8 Application of Proteomics to Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections 380
13.9 Beyond Bulk Proteomics for Mechanistic Discovery in Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections 381
13.10 Conclusion 385
References 385
14 Unveiling Sex and Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Diseases 391
Daniela Trabattoni, Giovanni Teruzzi, Giuseppe Calligaris, and Sebastiano Gili
14.1 Introduction 391
14.2 Sex-Related Differences in Clinical Presentation, Risk Factors, and Diagnostic Evaluation of CAD 391
14.3 Primary Prevention 392
14.4 Detection of Coronary Artery Disease 394
14.4.9 Mechanical and Emotional Stressors 400
14.5 Acute Coronary Syndromes in Obstructive Coronary Disease 407
14.6 Gender Differences in PCI Outcomes 407
14.7 The Role of Coronary Imaging in Imaging 409
14.8 Psychological Issues in Gender Cardiovascular Medicine 413
14.9 Pathophysiology Basis of Non-Atherosclerotic Coronary Disease in Women 416
14.10 The Contribution of Proteomics in Unveiling Sex and Gender Differences 417
References 419
15 Trends in Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Cardiovascular Diseases 431
Johs Dannesboe and Berta Cillero-Pastor
15.1 Introduction 431
15.2 Definition and Basic Principles of Mass Spectrometry Imaging 431
15.3 Brief History of Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Biomedical Research 432
15.4 Importance of Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Cardiovascular Disease Research 433
15.5 Basic Principles and Workflow 433
15.6 Small Molecule and Lipid Imaging in Cardiovascular Research 440
15.7 Challenges and Limitations 442
References 444
16 Network Medicine: A New Paradigm for Cardiovascular Disease Research and Beyond 449
Niv Vigder, Stuart J. Cordwell, and Joseph Loscalzo
16.1 Introduction to Network Medicine 449
16.2 Introduction to Network Science and Biological Networks 450
16.3 Progress Toward Reference Organismal Interactomes 459
16.4 Complex Diseases Manifest as Nodal and Edgetic Perturbations 464
16.5 Expanding the Interactome to Incorporate Complex Biological Phenomena 466
16.6 Context-Specific Interactomes Resolve Complex Biological Heterogeneity 468
16.7 Network Approaches Reveal Novel Disease Genes and Gene Products 471
16.8 (Re)defining Relationships Between Diseases Using Network Medicine 472
16.9 Network Approaches to Disease Reappraisal and Patient Subgrouping 473
16.10 Network Approaches to Disease Pharmacology 476
16.11 Conclusions 478
References 479
17 Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Plasma Proteomics 487
Nicolai B. Palstrøm, Amanda J. Campbell, and Hans C. Beck
17.1 Introduction 487
17.2 Clinical Plasma Proteomics 488
17.3 The Proteomics Toolbox: Analytical Methods in Cardiovascular Clinical Plasma Proteomics 491
17.4 Application of Plasma Proteomics in Cardiovascular Research 500
17.5 Challenges Regarding the Translation of Proteomics into the Clinic 504
17.6 Recent Advances within Cardiovascular Plasma Proteomics 507
17.7 Outlook 509
References 510
18 Unexplored Cardiac Diseases: Takotsubo Syndrome 523
Liam S. Couch
18.1 Introduction 523
18.2 Clinical Presentation 523
18.3 Multifactorial Pathophysiology of Takotsubo Syndrome 524
18.4 The Role of Catecholamine Signaling 525
18.5 Cardiomyocyte Calcium Handling 527
18.6 Deranged Cardiomyocyte Metabolism 527
18.7 Myocardial Inflammation and Edema 528
18.8 Estrogen Withdrawal Post-menopause 529
18.9 Altered Coronary Blood Flow 529
18.10 Genomic Associations 531
18.11 Brain Heart Interaction 531
18.12 Scope for Future Utilization of Proteomics 532
References 532
Index 541
