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Full Description
Immersive Sound: The Art and Science of Binaural and Multi-Channel Audio provides a comprehensive guide to multi-channel sound. With contributions from leading recording engineers, researchers, and industry experts, Immersive Sound includes an in-depth description of the physics and psychoacoustics of spatial audio as well as practical applications. Chapters include the history of 3D sound, binaural reproduction over headphones and loudspeakers, stereo, surround sound, height channels, object-based audio, soundfield (ambisonics), wavefield synthesis, and multi-channel mixing techniques. Knowledge of the development, theory, and practice of spatial and multi-channel sound is essential to those advancing the research and applications in the rapidly evolving fields of 3D sound recording, augmented and virtual reality, gaming, film sound, music production, and post-production.
Contents
Contributors
Foreword
WIESLAW WOSZCZYK
Acknowledgements
Introduction
AGNIESZKA ROGINSKA AND PAUL GELUSO
1 Perception of Spatial Sound
ELIZABETH M. WENZEL, DURAND R. BEGAULT, AND MARTINE GODFROY-COOPER
Auditory Physiology
Human Sound Localization
Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) and Virtual Acoustics
Neural Plasticity in Sound Localization
Distance and Environmental Context Perception
Conclusion
2 History of 3D Sound
BRAXTON BOREN
Introduction
Prehistory
Ancient History
Space and Polyphony
Spatial Separation in the Renaissance
Spatial Innovations in Acoustic Music
3D Sound Technology
Technology and Spatial Music
Conclusions and Thoughts for the Future
3 Stereo
PAUL GELUSO
Stereo Systems
Creating a Stereo Image
Stereo Enhancement
Summary
4 Binaural Audio Through Headphones
AGNIESZKA ROGINSKA
Headphone Reproduction
Binaural Sound Capture
HRTF Measurement
Binaural Synthesis
Inside-the-Head Locatedness
Advanced HRTF Techniques
Quality Assessment
Binaural Reproduction Methods
Headphone Equalization and Calibration
Conclusions
Appendix: Near Field
5 Binaural Audio Through Loudspeakers
EDGAR CHOUEIRI
Introduction
The Fundamental XTC Problem
Constant-Parameter Regularization
Frequency-Dependent Regularization
The Analytical BACCH Filter
Individualized BACCH Filters
Conclusions
Appendix A Derivation of the Optimal XTC Filter
Appendix B: Numerical Verification
6 Surround Sound
FRANCIS RUMSEY
The Evolution of Surround Sound
Surround Sound Formats
Surround Sound Delivery and Coding
Surround Sound Monitoring
Surround Sound Recording Techniques
Perceptual Evaluation
Predictive Models of Surround Sound Quality
7 Height Channels
SUNGYOUNG KIM
Background
Fundamental Psychoacoustics of Height-Channel Perception
Multichannel Reproduction Systems With Height Channels
Recording With Height Channels
Conclusion
8 Object-Based Audio
NICOLAS TSINGOS
Introduction
Spatial Representation and Rendering of Audio Objects
Advanced Metadata and Applications of Object-Based Representations
Managing Complexity of Object-Based Content
Audio Object Coding
Capturing Audio Objects
Tradeoffs of Object-Based Representations
Object-Based Loudness Estimation and Control
Object-Based Program Interchange and Delivery
Conclusion
9 Sound Field
ROZENN NICOL
Introduction
Development of the Sound Field
Higher Order Ambisonics (HOA)
Sound Field Synthesis
Sound Field Formats
Conclusion
Appendix A: Mathematics and Physics of Sound Field
Appendix B: Mathematical Derivation of W, X, Y, Z
Appendix C: The Optimal Number of Loudspeakers
10 Wave Field Synthesis
THOMAS SPORER, KARLHEINZ BRANDENBURG, SANDRA BRIX, AND CHRISTOPH
SLADECZEK
Motivation and History
Separation of Sound Objects and Room
WFS Reproduction: Challenges and Solutions
WFS With Elevation
Audio Metadata and WFS
Applications Based on WFS and Hybrid Schemes
WFS and Object-Based Sound Production
11 Applications of Extended Multichannel Techniques
BRETT LEONARD
Source Panning and Spreading
An Immersive Overhaul for Preexisting Content
Considerations in Mixing for Film and Games
Envelopment
Musings on Immersive Mixing
Index
