- ホーム
- > 洋書
- > 英文書
- > Psychology
Full Description
This book bridges the gap between models of human behavior that are based on cognitive task analysis and those based on neural networks. The author argues that these approaches are incomplete and not properly related to each other. His synthesis reconciles the very different conceptualizations of human memory assumed by these two approaches by assuming that 'what the brain remembers' is not a collection of symbols or neurons or even networks of either of these, but rather how to coordinate behavior in time, relating different modalities of conception and movement. A second premise is that behavior sequences are categorized, with perceptual categorizations (sounds, images) comprising the first order of categorization and conceptual categorizations of perceptions and actions in time comprising the second order. The conceptual categorizations are themselves sequenced and categorized, corresponding to the familiar classification hierarchies in cognitive models.
Inspired by Bartlett's work, the author seeks to develop a theory of "process memory"--memory for experience in time. Following the methodology of situated cognition, he finds clues in the particulars of human activity, such as typing errors, how a computer interface is used, how a child learns to play in a swimming pool, odd limitations in language comprehension, and so on. Throughout, he examines existing (and often famous) cognitive and neural models with respect to these phenomena. In each case, he attempts to show that the experienced behavior can be understood as sequences of categories being reactivated, substituted, and composed. Ultimately, this analysis is shown to be the link that may lead to improvement of both symbolic and neurally based models of memory and behavior, with concomitant implications for cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science as a whole.
Contents
Contents: Preface. Part I: Computational Models of Process Memory. Introduction: The Temporal Relations of Conceptualization. Computational Memory Architectures. Neural Architectures for Categorization and Sequential Learning. Part II: Serial Learning as Physical Coordination. Coupled Perceptual-Motor Conception. Extending a Felt Path. Slips and Composed Parallel Binding. The Paintbrush Inventors: Analogy and Theorizing. Part III: Speaking as Creating Knowledge. Bartlett's Reconstructive Memory. Transformational Processes, Grammars, and Self-Organizing Strings. Comprehension Difficulties Related to "Interference in Short-Term Memory." Stored Descriptive-Schemas Revisited. Problem-Space Models Revisited. Conclusions: The Nature and Role of Consciousness.
