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Full Description
Solid State Chemistry and its Applications, 2nd Edition: Student Edition is an extensive update and sequel to the bestselling textbook Basic Solid State Chemistry, the classic text for undergraduate teaching in solid state chemistry worldwide.
Solid state chemistry lies at the heart of many significant scientific advances from recent decades, including the discovery of high-temperature superconductors, new forms of carbon and countless other developments in the synthesis, characterisation and applications of inorganic materials. Looking forward, solid state chemistry will be crucial for the development of new functional materials in areas such as energy, catalysis and electronic materials.
This revised edition of Basic Solid State Chemistry has been completely rewritten and expanded to present an up-to-date account of the essential topics and recent developments in this exciting field of inorganic chemistry. Each section commences with a gentle introduction, covering basic principles, progressing seamlessly to a more advanced level in order to present a comprehensive overview of the subject.
This new Student Edition includes the following updates and new features:
Expanded coverage of bonding in solids, including a new section on covalent bonding and more extensive treatment of metallic bonding.
Synthetic methods are covered extensively and new topics include microwave synthesis, combinatorial synthesis, mechano-synthesis, atomic layer deposition and spray pyrolysis.
Revised coverage of electrical, magnetic and optical properties, with additional material on semiconductors, giant and colossal magnetoresistance, multiferroics, LEDs, fibre optics and solar cells, lasers, graphene and quasicrystals.
Extended chapters on crystal defects and characterisation techniques.
Published in full colour to aid comprehension.
Extensive coverage of crystal structures for important families of inorganic solids is complemented by access to CrystalMaker® visualization software, allowing readers to view and rotate over 100 crystal structures in three dimensions.
Solutions to exercises and supplementary lecture material are available online.
Solid State Chemistry and its Applications, 2nd Edition: Student Edition is a must-have textbook for any undergraduate or new research worker studying solid state chemistry.
Contents
Preface xv Chemistry - Solid State Chemistry -Materials Chemistry -Materials Science and Engineering xvii
Companion Website xxi
CrystalViewer xxii
Biography xxiii
1 Crystal Structures and Crystal Chemistry 1
1.1 Unit Cells and Crystal Systems 1
1.2 Symmetry 3
1.3 Symmetry and Choice of Unit Cell 10
1.4 Lattice, Bravais Lattice 11
1.5 Lattice Planes and Miller Indices 14
1.6 Indices of Directions 16
1.7 d-Spacing Formulae 17
1.8 Crystal Densities and Unit Cell Contents 17
1.9 Description of Crystal Structures 18
1.10 Close Packed Structures - Cubic and Hexagonal Close Packing 19
1.11 Relationship Between Cubic Close Packed and Face Centred Cubic 21
1.12 Hexagonal Unit Cell and Close Packing 21
1.13 Density of Close Packed Structures 22
1.14 Unit Cell Projections and Atomic Coordinates 24
1.15 Materials That Can Be Described as Close Packed 25
1.16 Structures Built of Space-Filling Polyhedra 33
1.17 Some Important Structure Types 35
2 Crystal Defects, Non-Stoichiometry and Solid Solutions 83
2.1 Perfect and Imperfect Crystals 83
2.2 Types of Defect: Point Defects 84
2.3 Solid Solutions 95
2.4 Extended Defects 108
2.5 Dislocations and Mechanical Properties of Solids 111
3 Bonding in Solids 125
3.1 Overview: Ionic, Covalent, Metallic, van der Waals and Hydrogen Bonding in Solids 125
3.2 Ionic Bonding 126
3.3 Covalent Bonding 161
3.4 Metallic Bonding and Band Theory 173
3.5 Bands or Bonds: a Final Comment 185
4 Synthesis, Processing and Fabrication Methods 187
4.1 General Observations 187
4.2 Solid State Reaction or Shake 'n Bake Methods 187
4.3 Low Temperature or Chimie Douce Methods 196
4.4 Gas-Phase Methods 213
4.5 High-Pressure Methods 225
4.6 Crystal Growth 226
5 Crystallography and Diffraction Techniques 229
5.1 General Comments: Molecular and Non-Molecular Solids 229
5.2 Characterisation of Solids 231
5.3 X-Ray Diffraction 232
5.4 Electron Diffraction 265
5.5 Neutron Diffraction 266
6 Other Techniques: Microscopy, Spectroscopy, Thermal Analysis 271
6.1 Diffraction and Microscopic Techniques: What Do They Have in Common? 271
6.2 Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques 272
6.3 Spectroscopic Techniques 291
6.4 Thermal Analysis (TA) 314
6.5 Strategy to Identify, Analyse and Characterise 'Unknown' Solids 323
7 Phase Diagrams and Their Interpretation 325
7.1 The Phase Rule, the Condensed Phase Rule and Some Definitions 325
7.2 One-Component Systems 330
7.3 Two-Component Condensed Systems 333
7.4 Some Tips and Guidelines for Constructing Binary Phase Diagrams 355
8 Electrical Properties 359
8.1 Survey of Electrical Properties and Electrical Materials 359
8.2 Metallic Conductivity 361
8.3 Superconductivity 366
8.4 Semiconductivity 382
8.5 Ionic Conductivity 392
8.6 Dielectric Materials 430
8.7 Ferroelectrics 436
8.8 Pyroelectrics 441
8.9 Piezoelectrics 441
8.10 Applications of Ferro-, Pyro- and Piezoelectrics 441
9 Magnetic Properties 445
9.1 Physical Properties 445
9.2 Magnetic Materials, Their Structures and Properties 455
9.3 Applications: Structure-Property Relations 464
9.4 Recent Developments 467
10 Optical Properties: Luminescence and Lasers 473
10.1 Visible Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum 473
10.2 Sources of Light, Thermal Sources, Black Body Radiation and Electronic Transitions 473
10.3 Scattering Processes: Reflection, Diffraction and Interference 476
10.4 Luminescence and Phosphors 476
10.5 Configurational Coordinate Model 478
10.6 Some Phosphor Materials 480
10.7 Anti-Stokes Phosphors 481
10.8 Stimulated Emission, Amplification of Light and Lasers 482
10.9 Photodetectors 488
10.10 Fibre-Optics 490
10.11 Solar Cells 492
Further Reading 493
Appendix A: Interplanar Spacings and Unit Cell Volumes 505
Appendix B: Model Building 507
Appendix C: Geometrical Considerations in Crystal Chemistry 511
Appendix D: How to Recognise Close Packed (Eutactic) Structures 515
Appendix E: Positive and Negative Atomic Coordinates 517
Appendix F: The Elements and Some of Their Properties 519
Questions 525
Index
