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Dedicated to the unique developments of hydroacoustical equipment to monitor the sea coastal shelf environment, this groundbreaking unique study presents a survey of modern methods and technical monitoring facilities, including the diagnostics of underwater engineering when monitoring offshore.There is still so much about the oceans that scientists do not know, and exploring the continental shelves of the world is a huge part of finding out more about these underwater environments. Further to that, it is extremely important that, while scientists and engineers explore and monitor the continental shelf, no damage is done to these precious environments. That is the needle that this study intends to thread, giving scientists and engineers a better method and processes for exploring these underwater mysteries, while protecting the environment and wildlife thriving beneath.Written by a proven scientist in this area, this book is dedicated to the unique developments of hydroacoustical equipment to monitor the coastal shelf. The results of the original experimental sonar studies with application of the parametric antenna are presented. The book presents a survey of the modern methods and technical monitoring facilities of the coastal aqueous environment. The basic characteristics of the parametric antennas are given considering propagation of the acoustic waves in the environments with dispersion and acoustical absorption. The author and his colleagues consider the questions of formation of the parametric antenna field in layered-heterogeneous media and the peculiarities of sounding of the interfaces and bottom sediments. Ecological monitoring methods of the basic parameters of quality and condition of the aqueous environment are analyzed. The peculiarities of diagnostics of the underwater engineering constructions when monitoring the offshore strips are described.For both veteran engineers and students in the field alike, this breakthrough study is a must-have for any scientific library concerned with studying the oceans and especially the continental shelf.
Contents
Abstract xiiiPreface xv1 Monitoring of Aqueous Environment of the Continental Shelf: The Current State 1Iftikhar B. Abbasov1.1 Introduction 11.2 General Monitoring Tasks 31.3 Remote Monitoring with the Help of Satellites 41.4 Monitoring of Underwater Seismic Activity 61.5 Fish Stock Monitoring 61.6 Monitoring in the Marine Archeology 71.7 The Use of Underwater Vehicles for Geological Exploration 71.8 Use of Underwater Vehicles for Monitoring of Ecosystems 81.9 Modern Underwater Vehicles for Monitoring of Ecosystems 111.10 Hydro Acoustical Shelf Monitoring Systems 181.11 Conclusion 22References 222 Parametric Antennas in the Mediums with Hydrophysical Inhomogeneities: Theory and Experiment 25Igor . Kirichenko2.1 Introduction 252.2 Assignment of the Task of Theoretical and Experiment Research of the Parametric Antennas in the Mediums with Hydro Physical Inhomogeneities 272.3 Methods of Solution of KhZK Equations Considering Hydrophysical Inhomogeneities 312.4 Measurement Procedure of the Field Characteristics of the Parametric Antenna and Backward Volume Scattering at Models of the Hydrophysical Inhomogeneities 342.5 The Results of Experimental Measurements of Characteristics of the Parametric Antenna Field and Backward Volume Scattering at Models of Hydrophysical Inhomogeneities 412.6 Discussion of the Results of the Theoretical and Experimental Research 542.7 Conclusion 54References 553 Research of the Phase Characteristics of Parametrical Radiators for Measuring Purposes 57Vladimir V. Grivtsov3.1 Introduction 573.2 Measurement Procedure of the Phase Structure of the Acoustic Field 583.3 Phase Portrait of the Field of the Parametric Antenna with Planar Transformer of Pumping 623.4 Phase Distributions in the Spherically Diverging Waves of the Parametrical Antenna 683.5 Parametrical Radiator Use for Hydro Acoustical Measurements in the Limited Size Tanks 723.6 Conclusion 79References 794 Influence of Layer-Discrete Areas on the Formation of the Direction Acoustic Parametric Antenna at the Diagnostic of the Water Environment 81Nicolai P. Zagrai4.1 Limitations of the Nonlinear Interaction Region 824.1.1 Statement of the Problem 824.1.2 Limitation of the Nonlinear Interaction Region by the General Surface of Round Piston Transformer of the Acoustic Parametric Antenna 844.1.3 Limitation of the Nonlinear Interaction Region by the General Surface of Rectangular Piston Transformer of the Acoustic Parametric Antenna 864.1.4 Limitation by the Incident Flat Surface 874.1.5 Limitation with Curved Surfaces 894.1.6 The Field of Acoustic Parametric Antenna with Layered-Non-Homogeneous Nonlinear Interaction Region 924.2 Nonlinear Interaction Region as a System of the Normal (Orthogonal) Discrete Plane-Parallel Layers. Statement of the Problem 944.3 Experimental Studies of the Field of Acoustic Parametric Antenna at Presence of the Layer, Plate and System of Layers in the Nonlinear Interaction Region 1024.3.1 Liquid Layer 1024.3.2 Plate 1054.3.3 Incident Plate 1094.3.4 System of Plates 1144.4 Layers with Diffused Boundaries in the Nonlinear Interaction Region 1184.4.1 On the Formation of the Field of an Acoustic Parametric Antenna in a Periodic Structure with Diffuse Boundaries 1184.4.2 Application of the Immersion Method to Consider a System of Layers with Blurred Boundaries 1194.5 Conclusion 123References 1255 Experimental Research of Penetration of the Acoustic Inhomogeneous Plane Waves from Water into Air 129Alexander P. Voloshchenko and Sergey P. Tarasov5.1 Introduction 1295.2 Statement of the Problem 1325.3 Method of Investigation 1435.4 Results of the Study 1475.5 Discussion 1575.6 Conclusion 164References 1646 Study of Nonlinear Interaction of Acoustic Waves Driven by Parametric Radiating Antenna During Sounding of Bottom Sediments 167Yuri V. Dushenin and Mikhail S. Rybachek6.1 Introduction 1676.2 Statement of the Problem 1736.3 Research Technique of the Basic PA Characteristics in BS at Normal Incidence to the Interface with Subsequent Excitation in BS of Longitudinal Waves 1736.4 Results of Research of the Basic PA Characteristics in BS at Normal Incidence to the Interface with Subsequent Excitation of P-Waves in BS 1846.5 Research Technique of the Basic PA Characteristics in BS at Incidence to the Interface at Angles Close to Critical, with Subsequent Excitation in BS of Shear Waves 1916.6 The Results of Research of the Basic PA Characteristics in BS, at Incidence to the Interface at Angles, Close to Critical, with Subsequent Excitation of Shear Waves in BS 1986.7 Discussion 2046.8 Conclusion 206References 2077 The Underwater Ultrasonic Equipment with the Nonlinear Acoustics Effect's Application 211Vadim Yu. Voloshchenko and Elizaveta V. Voloshchenko7.1 Introduction 2127.2 The Navigation System with Short Based Length 2147.3 An Impulse Method for Broadband Acoustical Measurements 2197.4 The Nonlinear Hydroacoustic Wavegraph 2237.5 Conclusion 231References 2328 The Research of Waters Eutrophication of the Gulf of Taganrog of the Sea of Azov for Ecological Monitoring Purposes 235Alena Yu. Zhidkova, Natalia V. Gusakova and Viktor V. Petrov8.1 Introduction 2368.2 Problem Statement 2378.3 Methods 2398.4 Results 2438.5 Discussion 2618.6 Conclusion 262References 2629 The Application Features of Sonar Systems for Control of Underwater Engineering Structures and Monitoring Area 2679.1 Introduction 2679.2 Procedure of Detailed Investigation of the Objects with the Help of Side Scan Sonar 2709.3 Ecological Monitoring of the Water Bottom with Side Scan Sonar 2749.4 Investigation of the Vertical Walls and Supports of Underwater Part of the Engineering Structures 2769.5 Complexation of Side Scan Sonar with Parametric Profile Recorder 2809.6 Extension of Antenna Bandwidths of Side Scan Sonar and Antennas of Pumping of the Parametric Profile Recorders 2859.7 Conclusion 290References 290Index 293
