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Why did social democrats in the 1940s and 1950s idealise Zionism and Israel? And why did 'the New Left' of the 1960s denounce Israel as an apartheid state and a 'bridgehead of imperialism'? The Meaning of Israel: Anti-Zionism and Philo-Zionism in the Postwar Left, a case study of Norway, offers new and intriguing answers to both questions. Previous national case studies of left ideas about Israel have tended to explain with reference to national peculiarities of the country in question (e.g. guilt over the Holocaust in the case of Germany). This book, by contrast, considers its findings about Norway in the context of what we know from other national case studies and uses this approach to suggest explanations that may be valid across national boundaries.
The Meaning of Israel argues that left ideas about Zionism and Israel have been inextricably intertwined with ideas about civilisation. Post-war social democrats used ideas about Zionism and Israel to assuage their anxiety about the future of civilisation and to reaffirm the viability of this very concept. The anti-Zionism of the New Left, on the other hand, grew out of a broader rejection of ideas of civilisation. The book will appeal to academics and general readers interested in the history of the Left, Israel, and anti-semitism.
Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction
- From Marx to Corbyn and Omar
- Politics of historical explanation
- Norway as a case study
- Civilisation and the Jewish Imperial Turn
- Outline of the book
Chapter 2. Anti-Zionism and the Pro-Zionist Turn, 1933—47
- The absence of pro-Zionism
- The first pro-Zionist
- A fragile and threatened civilisation
- Pro-Zionism and threatened civilisation
- Conclusion
Chapter 3. Learning to Accept Jews and Fear Arabs, 1946—49
- Barbarian Arabs
- Solving the 'Jewish Problem'
- Victory and doubt
- Conclusion
Chapter 4. The Philo-Zionist Turn, 1949—1955
- An accident and its aftermath
- Martin Tranmæl in Israel
- Less socialism, more civilisation
- Better civilisation through Israel
- Overcoming Jewish difference
- Conclusion
Chapter 5. No Conspiracy: From Suez to the Eichmann Trial, 1956—61
- Suez
- The conspiracy theory
- Why idealization continued
- Eichmann
- Conclusion
Chapter 6. The Emergence of Scepticism: Orientering, Decolonization, and the Six-Day War, 1959—67
- Scepticism in Orientering
- Two generations in Orientering
- Scepticism in Arbeiderbladet
- The Six-Day War
- Conclusion
Chapter 7. The Emergence of Anti-Zionism in the New Left, 1965—68
- Before the Six-Day War
- Immediate responses to the Six-Day War
- Implicit anti-Zionism
- Explicit anti-Zionism
- The essence of Israel
- Conclusion
Chapter 8. New Left Anti-Zionism in Context: '1968' and Civilisation
- Fanon in Bryn-Hellerud
- Georg Johannesen and the Porsgrunn Maoists
- The 'populist' revolt in SF
- The Vietnam movement
- Maoism
- Conclusion
Chapter 9. Beyond National Peculiarities
- European pro-Zionism and philo-Zionism
- American pro-Zionism and philo-Zionism
- European anti-Zionism
- American and North African anti-Zionism
