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Full Description
Increasing economic inequality in cities, and the spatial translation of that into more segregated neighbourhoods, is top of the political agenda in developed countries. While the overall living standards have increased in the last century, the focus has now shifted from poverty to economic differences, with a particular focus on the gap between the very poor and the (ultra-)rich.
The authors observe a common view among policy-makers and researchers alike: that urban-economic inequality and segregation are increasing; that this increase is bad; and that money and people (in the case of segregation) need to be redistributed in response. In six compact chapters, this book enriches and broadens the debate. Chapters bring together the literature on the social effects of economic inequality and segregation and question whether there are sizable effects and what their direction (positive or negative) is. The often conflated concepts of economic inequality (and segregation) and social injustice is disentangled and the moral implications are reflected on.
The book is essential reading for students and academics of Planning Theory, Planning Ethics, Urban Geography, Urban Economics, Economic Geography and Urban Sociology.
Contents
List of illustrations
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Introducing the book
1.1 Reflecting on the current debate
1.2 The contribution and the limitations of this book
1.3 Outline
Chapter 2: Causes of urban-economic inequality and segregation
2.1 Macro processes and inequality
2.2 Inequality between cities
2.3 Growing inequalities in cities
2.4 Economic segregation in cities
Chapter 3: Reflecting on the measurement
3.1 How to measure inequality?
3.1.1 The Gini coefficient
3.1.2 Limits to the scope
3.2 How to measure segregation?
3.2.1 The dissimilarity index
3.2.2 Sensitivity to measurement choices
3.2.3 Limits to the scope
3.3 Inequality and segregation of what?
3.3.1 Wage, income or capital
3.3.2 From gross incomes to standard of living
3.4 A dynamic perspective on inequality and segregation
Chapter 4: Reflecting on the (negative) societal impact
4.1 The negative impact of economic inequality
4.1.1 Effects on economic growth
4.1.2 Health and social effects
4.2 The negative impact of economic segregation
4.2.1 Mechanisms underlying neighbourhood effects
4.2.2 Identification of neighbourhood effects
4.2.3 From individual effects to city level effects
Chapter 5: Reflecting on the moral implications
5.1 Equality and distributional justice
5.2 The pie metaphor
5.3 Good and bad economic inequality
5.4 The impracticability of aiming for economic equality
5.5 The same or enough? About the moral relevance of economic inequality
5.6 The moral relevance of (economic) segregation
5.7 Reflecting on the material dimension of economic inequality and segregation
Chapter 6: Reflecting on urban policy
6.1 Summary of the book
6.2 Redistribution of money
6.3 Redistribution of people
Glossary
Index
