認知と行動における１５の性差を説明する２つの理論の長所と弱点 Strengths and Weaknesses of Two Theories for Explaining 15 Universal Sex Differences in Cognition and Behavior (Elements in Applied Evolutionary Science)

Ellis, Lee

Cambridge University Press（2025/09発売）

Cambridge University Press（2025/09発売）

• 製本 Paperback:紙装版/ペーパーバック版／ページ数 84 p.
• 言語 ENG
• 商品コード 9781009581042

Full Description

Social role theory and evolutionary neuroandrogenic (ENA) theory are compared regarding how well they can explain 15 cognitive and behavioral sex differences that appear to be present in all human cultures. In essence, social role theory argues that, except for males being larger and more muscular and only females being able to bear children, cognitive and behavioral differences between the sexes result from sociocultural training and expectations. On the other hand, ENA theory attributes sex differences in cognition and behavior to evolved differential exposure of male and female brains to sex hormones, especially testosterone. The existence of 15 nearly certain universal sex differences in cognitive and behavioral traits was documented in a recently published book based on findings from over 40,000 empirical studies. This Element documents that, while both theories have explanatory power, ENA theory surpasses social role theory in explaining the universality of most of the 15 traits.

Contents

1. Methodology; 2. Two theories for explaining universal sex differences; 3. Applying social role theory and ENA theory to each one of the fifteen nearly certain universal sex differences in cognition and behavior; 4. Discussion; 5. Conclusions; References.