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Full Description
Khirbet et-Tannur is a Nabataean site dating from the second century B.C. to the fourth to sixth centuries A.D. located on a hilltop above the Wadi el-Hasa near Khirbet edh-Dharih, 70 km north of Petra along the King's Highway. In 1937, Nelson Glueck excavated Khirbet et-Tannur on behalf of the American Schools of Oriental Research and the Department of Antiquities of Transjordan, but died before completing a final report. Now, in two extensively illustrated volumes, the results of Glueck's excavations are finally published, based on previously unstudied excavation records and archaeological materials in the ASOR Nelson Glueck Archive at the Semitic Museum, Harvard University.
Volume 1 is devoted to the architecture of the temple, the dating of its successive phases, its sculptural decoration and iconography,and to a discussion of Nabataean religion, including the evidence for its connections with the religion of Iron Age Edom and its continuation at the temple of Khirbet et-Tannur well into the Christian era, before the A.D. 363 earthquake brought an end to the site. The volume closes with observations about iconoclasm at Khirbet et-Tannur, Khirbet edh-Dharih and Petra.
Annual of ASOR 67
Contents
Preface and Acknowledgements Judith S. McKenzie
Abbreviations
PART 1: ARCHITECTURE AND RELIGION
Chapter 1. Introduction Judith S. McKenzie
The Discovery of Khirbet et-Tannur
Glueck's Methodology
Publication of Khirbet et-Tannur
The Present Study
Appendix 1.1: List of Workmen at Khirbet et-Tannur
Appendix 1.2: The Tell el-Kheleifeh Division and Shipping
Chapter 2. Architecture and Phases Judith S. McKenzie
The Site
Khirbet edh-Dharih
Early Phases
Main Construction Phase (Period 2): Altar Platform 2, Cult Statues, Zodiac, Inner Temenos Enclosure, Temenos, and Triclinia
Repairs ofPeriod 3: Altar Platform 3, Pair of Niches, and Colonnades
Unplaced Architectural and Sculptural Fragments of Periods 2 and 3
Later Worship and Destruction
Appendix 2.1: List of Sculptural and Architectural Fragments in Cincinnati Art Museum by Judith S. McKenzie and Joseph A. Greene
Chapter 3. Iconographic Program Judith S. McKenzie and Andres T. Reyes
Introduction
The Epigraphic Evidence for Qos, and the La'aban Spring
Iconography of the Qos Stele
The Cult Statues
Vegetation Goddess Panel
Tyche
Light at Night: the Moon and Figures with Torches
Nike Caryatid Supporting the Zodiac
The Zodiac
Busts on the Inner Temenos Enclosure Frieze
Free-standing Animals
Period 3 Iconographic Additions
Overall Interpretation
Appendix 3.1: A Note on Attempts to Date the Zodiac by Owen Gingerich
Appendix 3.2: A Note on the Zodiac Lamp from Petra by Kate da Costa
Chapter 4. Religious Practice Judith S. McKenzie and Andres T. Reyes
Introduction
High Place and Pilgrimage Centre: Summary of Local Context and Chronology
Food for the Gods
Offertory Boxes
North-east and West Altars
Personal Dedications: Incense Altars and Stelai / Betyls
Feeding the Worshippers
Lamps
The Lack of Terracotta Figurines
Edomite Heritage: Offerings and Sanctuary Design
Festival Occasions
From How Far Did the Worshippers Come?
The Designs of the Temples at Khirbet edh-Dharih and Khirbet et-Tannur Compared with Other Nabataean Temples
Internal Podia, Platforms, and Adyta
Deities in the Temples of Petra
Positions of Altars
Worshipping Standing Stones: Cult Statues, Altars, and Podia / Thrones
The Nabataean Legacy
Appendix 4.1: Note on a Hand-modeled Terracotta Animal Figurine by Andres T. Reyes
Chapter 5. Iconoclasm at Khirbet et-Tannur and Petra Judith S. McKenzie
Damage to Relief Sculptures at Petra and Medain Saleh
Damage at Khirbet edh-Dharih
Damage at Khirbet et-Tannur
The Nabataean Legacy in Early Islamic Art
Glossary
Maps
Bibliographical Abbreviations
Bibliography
Sources of Illustrations
Index
