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Full Description
The Modoc fought the U.S. Army in what would be the most expensive Indian conflict in American history. The hostilities were fierce, bloody, and unjust. In this riveting narrative, Modoc warriors, army foot soldiers, and cavalry officers share their stories. Spirit in the Rock captures the war's dramatic battles, betrayals, and devastating end, but also delves into its underlying causes and the secret schemes by the Applegate family and others to seize Modoc ancestral territory. In addition, the account illuminates ways Native American traditions and spirituality influenced events.For generations, the Modoc homelands, along what is now the California-Oregon border, provided abundant water and food sources. Indigenous families migrated seasonally throughout the region until large numbers of immigrants began to arrive. As the population of settlers increased, disputes over native lands intensified. By April 1870, the Modoc were forced to live on a crowded, distant reservation with their rivals, the Klamath. Led by a charismatic young chief called Captain Jack, they fled to their original Lost River village and refused to return. Despite ongoing peace negotiations, the cavalry launched a surprise attack just before dawn on November 29, 1872. The stunned band awoke to chaos. Survivors escaped to a natural stone citadel--nearby lava beds--and that stark landscape became the setting for the 1873 Modoc War.
Contents
Editor's Note
Author's Preface: The Modoc Story
Foreword by Vivian ArvisoPrologue: The Hanging
Part One. The Screeching of the Owl
Chapter 1. A Harmonious World
Chapter 2. The White World Arrives
Chapter 3. The Applegate Factor
Chapter 4. Dueling Treaties
Chapter 5. Captain Jack Flees
Chapter 6. Jesse Applegate Meets Captain Jack
Chapter 7. Alfred Meacham
Chapter 8. General E.R.S. Canby
Chapter 9. Storm Clouds for Captain Jack
Chapter 10. A Lost River Reservation
Chapter 11. Captain Jack Must Go
Part Two. A Spirit In The Rock
Chapter 12. Meacham Is Fired
Chapter 13. A Grave Mistake
Chapter 14. Attack On Lost River Village
Chapter 15. Revenge: Fourteen Settlers Murdered!
Chapter 16. Captain Jack's Stronghold
Chapter 17. Ready For War
Chapter 18. Modoc Victory at the Stronghold
Chapter 19. The Army Licks Its Wounds
Chapter 20. Trouble in the Stronghold
Chapter 21. The Reporters
Chapter 22. The Applegates Meet the Press
Chapter 23. The Peace Commission
Chapter 24. Talking Peace
A Lethal Decision
Chapter 26. The Fateful Meeting
Chapter 27. Outrage!
Part Three. A Shooting Star
Chapter 28. Second Attack on the Stronghold
Chapter 29. The Thomas-Wright Battle
Chapter 30. The Battle of Sorass Lake
Chapter 31. The Bloodhounds
Chapter 32. The Capture of Captain Jack
Chapter 33. Captain Jack Will Be Tried
Chapter 34. The Trial of Captain Jack
Chapter 35. The Execution
Chapter 36. Exile
Chapter 37. The Skull of Captain Jack
Epilogue: The Aftermath
Afterword by Boyd Cothran
Author's Acknowledgments
Notes
Bibliography
Index
About the Author
About the Photographer
Visitor's Guide to Modoc Country
