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Porous silicon has a range of properties, making it ideal for drug delivery, cancer therapy, and tissue engineering. Porous Silicon for Biomedical Applications provides a comprehensive review of this emerging nanostructured and biodegradable biomaterial.Chapters in part one focus on the fundamentals and properties of porous silicon for biomedical applications, including thermal properties and stabilization, photochemical and nonthermal chemical modification, protein-modified porous silicon films, and biocompatibility of porous silicon. Part two discusses applications in bioimaging and sensing, and explores the optical properties of porous silicon materials; in vivo imaging assessment and radiolabelling of porous silicon; and nanoporous silicon biosensors for DNA sensing and for bacteria detection. Finally, part three highlights drug loading and characterization of porous silicon materials, tumor targeting and imaging, and porous silicon scaffolds for functional tissue engineering, stem cell growth, and osteodifferentiation.With its acclaimed editor and international team of expert contributors, Porous Silicon for Biomedical Applications is a technical resource and indispensable guide for all those involved in the research, development, and application of porous silicon and other biomaterials, while providing a comprehensive introduction for students and academics interested in the field.
Contents
Contributor contact detailsWoodhead Publishing Series in BiomaterialsForewordPrefaceDedicationPart I: Fundamentals of porous silicon for biomedical applications1. Porous silicon for medical use: from conception to clinical useAbstract:1.1 Introduction1.2 Biocompatibility of micromachined silicon1.3 From concept to clinic1.4 Producing useful physical forms of nanostructured silicon1.5 Clinical manufacture1.6 Clinical trials1.7 Conclusions and future trends1.8 Acknowledgements1.9 References2. Thermal stabilization of porous silicon for biomedical applicationsAbstract:2.1 Introduction2.2 Thermal oxidation2.3 Thermal carbonization2.4 Thermal nitridation and annealing2.5 Conclusions and future trends2.6 References3. Thermal properties of nanoporous silicon materialsAbstract:3.1 Introduction3.2 Thermal constants of porous silicon (PSi)3.3 Thermo-acoustic effect3.4 Applications3.5 Conclusions and future trends3.6 Acknowledgment3.7 References4. Photochemical and nonthermal chemical modification of porous silicon for biomedical applicationsAbstract:4.1 Introduction4.2 Hydrosilylation and controlled surface modification of Si4.3 Photo-initiated reactions4.4 Mechanism of photo-initiated reaction4.5 Electrochemical grafting4.6 Reactions initiated by other means4.7 Conclusions and future trends4.8 Acknowledgments4.9 References5. Modifying porous silicon with self-assembled monolayers for biomedical applicationsAbstract:5.1 Introduction5.2 Silane-based monolayers5.3 Hydrosilylation of alkenes and alkynes5.4 Building more complicated interfaces5.5 Conclusions and future trends5.6 References6. Protein-modified porous silicon films for biomedical applicationsAbstract:6.1 Introduction6.2 Proteins on surfaces6.3 Porous silicon monolayers and multilayers6.4 Characterization methods6.5 Protein-modified PSi6.6 Conclusions and future trends6.7 References7. Biocompatibility of porous silicon for biomedical applicationsAbstract:7.1 Introduction7.2 Assessment methods for testing the biocompatibility of biomaterials7.3 Effects of the PSi-based material interactions at the cellular level7.4 In vivo behaviour of PSi-based materials7.5 Conclusions and future trends7.6 Acknowledgements7.7 ReferencesPart II: Porous silicon for bioimaging and biosensing applications8. Optical properties of porous silicon materials for biomedical applicationsAbstract:8.1 Introduction8.2 Morphology of PSi8.3 Effective medium models8.4 Optical constants of nano-PSi8.5 Stability of the optical properties of nano-PSi8.6 Multilayer structures8.7 Optical applications of PSi optical filters8.8 Conclusions and future trends8.9 References9. In vivo imaging assessment of porous siliconAbstract:9.1 Introduction9.2 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)9.3 Nuclear imaging9.4 Optical imaging9.5 Compiling PSi-based systems for imaging9.6 In vivo imaging studies with PSi particles9.7 Conclusions and future trends9.8 Acknowledgments9.9 References10. Radiolabeled porous silicon for bioimaging applicationsAbstract:10.1 Introduction10.2 Methods for tracing drug delivery10.3 Nuclear imaging in drug development10.4 Radiolabeled PSi nanomaterials10.5 Conclusions and future trends10.6 References11. Desorption/ionization on porous silicon (DIOS) for metabolite imagingAbstract:11.1 Introduction11.2 Substrate preparation for DIOS11.3 Desorption and ionization mechanism of DIOS11.4 Improved ionization methods based on DIOS11.5 DIOS in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI)11.6 Conclusions and future trends11.7 References12. Porous silicon for bacteria detectionAbstract:12.1 Introduction12.2 'Indirect' bacteria detection12.3 'Direct' bacteria detection12.4 Conclusions and future trends12.5 References13. Nanoporous silicon biosensors for DNA sensingAbstract:13.1 Introduction13.2 Porous silicon (PSi) sensor preparation13.3 PSi DNA sensor structures, measurement techniques, and sensitivity13.4 Optical transduction13.5 Electrical and electrochemical transduction13.6 Corrosion of PSi DNA sensors13.7 Effect of pore size on DNA infiltration and detection13.8 Control of DNA surface density in nanoscale pores13.9 Kinetics for real-time sensing13.10 Conclusions and future trends13.11 Acknowledgement13.12 ReferencesPart III: Porous silicon for drug delivery, cancer therapy and tissue engineering applications14. Drug loading and characterization of porous silicon materialsAbstract:14.1 Introduction14.2 Methods for the loading of the cargo molecules into PSi pores14.3 Characterization of drug-loaded PSi materials14.4 Conclusions and future trends14.5 References15. Nanoporous silicon to enhance drug solubilityAbstract:15.1 Introduction15.2 Loading poorly soluble drugs into PSi15.3 In vitro studies of drug dissolution15.4 In vivo studies of drug delivery15.5 Conclusions and future trends15.6 References16. Multistage porous silicon for cancer therapyAbstract:16.1 Introduction16.2 The biology of cancer16.3 Current therapeutics16.4 Mesoporous silicon and therapeutic applications16.5 Conclusions and future trends16.6 References17. Porous silicon for tumour targeting and imagingAbstract:17.1 Introduction17.2 Tumour targeting and imaging17.3 Preparation of PSi particles17.4 PSi particles for in vivo tumour targeting17.5 PSi particles for in vivo tumour imaging17.6 Conclusions and future trends17.7 References18. Porous silicon-polymer composites for cell culture and tissue engineering applicationsAbstract:18.1 Introduction18.2 Fundamentals of porous silicon (PSi) and PSi/polymer composite fabrication and functionalization18.3 PSi/polymer composites18.4 Polymers for tissue engineering18.5 The grafting of biopolymers to PSi18.6 PSi and tissue engineering18.7 Applications of PSi-polymer composites in tissue culture and bioengineering18.8 Conclusions and future trends18.9 Sources of further information and advice18.10 Acknowledgement18.11 References19. Porous silicon and related composites as functional tissue engineering scaffoldsAbstract:19.1 Introduction19.2 Role of porous silicon (PSi) biodegradability19.3 Strategies for PSi/polymer composite formulation19.4 Studies related to orthopedic tissue engineering19.5 Conclusions and future trends19.6 References20. Porous silicon scaffolds for stem cells growth and osteodifferentiationAbstract:20.1 Introduction20.2 Stem cells for bone tissue engineering: adult, neonatal and embryonic stem cells (ESCs)20.3 Stem cells osteogenic differentiation and bone formation20.4 Influence of pore size, nanoroughness and chemical surface treatment20.5 Growth factors delivery and Si effects on osteodifferentiation20.6 Conclusions and future trends20.7 ReferencesIndex
