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In 1964, Brazil's democratically elected, left-wing government was ousted in a coup and replaced by a military junta. The Johnson administration quickly recognized the new government. The U.S. press and members of Congress were nearly unanimous in their support of the "revolution" and the coup leaders' anticommunist agenda. Few Americans were aware of the human rights abuses perpetrated by Brazil's new regime. By 1969, a small group of academics, clergy, Brazilian exiles, and political activists had begun to educate the American public about the violent repression in Brazil and mobilize opposition to the dictatorship. By 1974, most informed political activists in the United States associated the Brazilian government with its torture chambers. In We Cannot Remain Silent, James N. Green analyzes the U.S. grassroots activities against torture in Brazil, and the ways those efforts helped to create a new discourse about human-rights violations in Latin America. He explains how the campaign against Brazil's dictatorship laid the groundwork for subsequent U.S. movements against human rights abuses in Chile, Uruguay, Argentina, and Central America.Green interviewed many of the activists who educated journalists, government officials, and the public about the abuses taking place under the Brazilian dictatorship. Drawing on those interviews and archival research from Brazil and the United States, he describes the creation of a network of activists with international connections, the documentation of systematic torture and repression, and the cultivation of Congressional allies and the press. Those efforts helped to expose the terror of the dictatorship and undermine U.S. support for the regime. Against the background of the political and social changes of the 1960s and 1970s, Green tells the story of a decentralized, international grassroots movement that effectively challenged U.S. foreign policy.
Contents
About the Series ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction: Tropical Delights and Torture Chambers, or Imagining Brazil in the United States
PrÓlogo "Era um paÍs subdesenvolvido" 13
1. Revolution and Counterrevolution in Brazil 19
CapÍtulo I "A gente quer ter voz ativa" 49
2. The Birth of a Movement 55
CapÍtulo II "Caminhando e cantando e seguindo a canÇÃo" 77
3. The World Turned Upside Down 85
CapÍtulo III "Agora falando sÉrio" 107
4. Defending Artistic and Academic Freedom 115
CapÍtulo IV "Acorda amor" 137
5. The Campaign against Torture 143
CapÍtulo V "Vai meu irmÃo" 167
6. Latin Americanists Take a Stand 177
CapÍtulo VI "Pode me prender, pode me bater" 197
7. Human Rights and the Organization of American States 201
CapÍtulo VII "Fado tropical" 225
8. Congressional Questioning 233
CapÍtulo VIII "While my eyes go looking for flying saucers in the sky" 255
9. Denouncing the Dictatorship 259
CapÍtulo IX "Navegar É preciso" 291
10. Performing Opposition 293
CapÍtulo X "Quem É essa mulhar" 315
11. The Slow-Motion Return to Democracy 321
CapÍtulo XI "Amanhà hÁ de ser outro dia" 355
Conclusions: Making a Difference 359
Notes 367
Bibliography 411
Index 431
