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ARDUINO for BEGINNERSESSENTIAL SKILLS EVERY MAKER NEEDSLoaded with full-color step-by-step illustrations!Absolutely no experience needed!Learn Arduino from the ground up, hands-on, in full color!Discover Arduino, join the DIY movement, and build an amazing spectrum of projects... limited only by your imagination!No "geekitude" needed: This full-color guide assumes you know nothing about Arduino or programming with the Arduino IDE. John Baichtal is an expert on getting newcomers up to speed with DIY hardware. First, he guides you gently up the learning curve, teaching you all you need to know about Arduino boards, basic electronics, safety, tools, soldering, and a whole lot more. Then, you walk step-by-step through projects that reveal Arduino's incredible potential for sensing and controlling the environment-projects that inspire you to create, invent, and build the future!* Use breadboards to quickly create circuits without soldering* Create a laser/infrared trip beam to protect your home from intruders* Use Bluetooth wireless connections and XBee to build doorbells and more* Write useful, reliable Arduino programs from scratch* Use Arduino's ultrasonic, temperature, flex, and light sensors* Build projects that react to a changing environment* Create your own plant-watering robot* Control DC motors, servos, and stepper motors* Create projects that keep track of time* Safely control high-voltage circuits* Harvest useful parts from junk electronics* Build pro-quality enclosures that fit comfortably in your home
Contents
Introduction 1Chapter 1 Arduino Cram Session ................................................ 5Arduino Uno: A Rookie-Friendly Microcontroller ............................5Other Arduino Products ................................................................8Electronics ....................................................................................9Light-Emitting Diodes ..............................................................11Buttons and Switches ...............................................................11Potentiometers ........................................................................12Resistors ..................................................................................13Capacitors ...............................................................................14Motors ....................................................................................15Solenoids .................................................................................16Piezo Buzzers ...........................................................................17Seven-Segment Displays ...........................................................18Relays ......................................................................................19Integrated Circuits ...................................................................20Temperature Sensors ................................................................21Flex Sensor...............................................................................22Light Sensor .............................................................................23Ultrasonic Sensor .....................................................................23Safety Rules .................................................................................24The Next Chapter ........................................................................26Chapter 2 Breadboarding ......................................................... 27Assembling Circuits Using Solderless Breadboards .......................27Understanding Power and Ground ...........................................30Using Jumper Wires .................................................................30Project: Breadboard Blink ............................................................32Project: Laser Trip Beam ..............................................................35Assembling the Laser Module ...................................................38Assembling the Sensor Module .................................................38Building the Enclosures ............................................................41Laser Trip Beam Code ..............................................................47Setting Up the Trip Beam .........................................................49Alt.Project: Infrared Detector .......................................................50Wiring Up the PIR and Buzzer ..................................................51Infrared Detector Code ............................................................51The Next Chapter ........................................................................52Chapter 3 How to Solder ......................................................... 53Gathering Soldering Supplies .......................................................55Picking a Soldering Iron............................................................55Choosing a Solder ....................................................................58Getting the Other Things You Need ..........................................59Desktop Vises ...............................................................................59Cutters and Strippers .....................................................................60Needle-Nose Pliers and Hemostats ..................................................61Fans or Fume Extractors .................................................................62ESD Protection .............................................................................62Solder Stand and Sponge ................................................................63Soldering .....................................................................................64Desoldering .................................................................................68Cleanup ......................................................................................71Project: LED Strip Coffee Table ....................................................72Preparing the Light Strip ..........................................................73Attaching the Light Strip to the Table .......................................75Building the Enclosure .................................................................76Controlling the LED Strip .........................................................82LED Strip Code ...........................................................................82The Next Chapter ........................................................................90Chapter 4 Setting Up Wireless Connections ............................... 91XBee Wireless Modules ................................................................92XBee Versus XBee Pro ..............................................................92Series 1 Versus Series 2 ............................................................93XBee Breakout Boards .................................................................93Anatomy of the XBee ...................................................................94Competing Wireless Modules.......................................................95Freakduino Chibi .....................................................................95JeeLabs JeeNode .......................................................................96Project: Wireless LED Activation ..................................................96Wireless LED Code ......................................................................99Project: Bluetooth Doorbell .......................................................101The Button ............................................................................103Instructions for Wiring Up the Doorbell ..................................103Button Unit ................................................................................103Buzzer Unit ................................................................................105Building the Doorbell Enclosures ............................................107Button Unit Enclosure ..................................................................108Bending Acrylic ...........................................................................109Buzzer Unit Enclosure ..................................................................112Wireless Doorbell Code .............................................................112Button Unit Code ..................................................................113Buzzer Unit Code ...................................................................114The Next Chapter ......................................................................115Chapter 5 Programming Arduino ............................................. 117The Arduino Development Environment .....................................118Programming Window ..........................................................118Menus ...................................................................................120File Menu ...................................................................................120Edit Menu ..................................................................................120Sketch Menu...............................................................................121Tools Menu ................................................................................122Help Menu .................................................................................123The Blink Sketch ........................................................................124Learning from Example Code .....................................................127Adapt the Code .....................................................................128Finding Example Code ............................................................128Arduino Playground .....................................................................129Libraries.....................................................................................130Sharing Example Code .................................................................131More Functions and Syntax........................................................133Arithmetic ..............................................................................133Arrays ....................................................................................133Comparison Operators ..........................................................134For ........................................................................................134Include ..................................................................................135Increment/Decrement ............................................................135Interrupts ..............................................................................135If/Else ....................................................................................136Mapping ................................................................................136Random.................................................................................136Switch/Case ...........................................................................137While .....................................................................................137Debugging Using the Serial Monitor ..........................................137All About Libraries.....................................................................139Resources for Learning Programming .........................................141Books ....................................................................................141Websites ................................................................................141The Next Chapter ......................................................................141Chapter 6 Sensing the World ................................................. 143Lesson: Sensors .........................................................................144Digital Versus Analog .............................................................145Digital .......................................................................................145Analog .......................................................................................145Connecting Digital and Analog Sensors ..................................146Know Your Sensors ....................................................................146Accelerometer ........................................................................147Barometric .............................................................................147Encoder .................................................................................148Gas ........................................................................................148Hall Effect ..............................................................................149Infrared .................................................................................150Piezo Buzzer (Knock Sensor) ..................................................150Sound Sensors .......................................................................151Tilt Sensors ............................................................................151Project: Mood Light...................................................................152Instructions............................................................................154Mood Lamp Code ..................................................................159Alt.Project: Kerf Bending ...........................................................162The Next Chapter ......................................................................163Chapter 7 Controlling Liquid ................................................... 165Lesson: Controlling the Flow of Liquid .......................................166Solenoid Valve .......................................................................166Pressurized Reservoir ..............................................................167Peristaltic Pump .....................................................................168Mini Project: Make a Pressurized Reservoir ................................169Instructions............................................................................170Pressurized Reservoir Code .....................................................171Project: Plant-Watering Robot ...................................................173Instructions............................................................................175Plant-Watering Robot Electronics ...........................................179Plant-Watering Robot Enclosure ............................................181Adding the Electronics ..................................................................182Plant-Watering Robot Code ...................................................185The Next Chapter ......................................................................186Chapter 8 Tool Bin ................................................................ 187Maker's Ultimate Toolbox .........................................................188Basic Multimeter ....................................................................188Multitool ...............................................................................189Measuring Tape .....................................................................190Soldering Iron .......................................................................190Digital Caliper ........................................................................191Scissors..................................................................................192X-Acto Knives .........................................................................192Screwdrivers ...........................................................................193Hardware...............................................................................193Wire Strippers ........................................................................194Super Glue .............................................................................195Mini Flashlight .......................................................................196Hot Glue Gun ........................................................................196Magnifying Glass ....................................................................197Writing Supplies.....................................................................197Sketchbook ............................................................................198Charging Cables .....................................................................198Working with Wood ..................................................................200Laser Cutter ...........................................................................200How to Use a Laser Cutter ...........................................................201Rotary Tool ...........................................................................202Air Compressor and Attachments ...........................................203Drill .......................................................................................203CNC Mill ...............................................................................204Lasering and CNCing Services .......................................................205Table Saw ..............................................................................206Lathe .....................................................................................206Sander ...................................................................................207Working with Plastic ..................................................................2083D Printers ............................................................................209LEGO ....................................................................................210Sugru .....................................................................................211Vacuum Former .....................................................................211Extruder .................................................................................212Tamiya ..................................................................................213Working with Metal ...................................................................214Plasma Cutter ........................................................................215Band Saw ..............................................................................216Grinder ..................................................................................217Welder ...................................................................................218Aluminum Building Systems ...................................................21980/20 .......................................................................................219MicroRAX ..................................................................................220OpenBeam .................................................................................221Makeblock .................................................................................222VEX ...........................................................................................223Maker Spaces ............................................................................224Software....................................................................................228GIMP .....................................................................................228Inkscape ................................................................................229Fritzing ..................................................................................230KiCad PCB Layout Software ...................................................230MakerCase .............................................................................231Electronics Tools and Techniques ..............................................232Multimeters ...........................................................................233Harvesting Electronics ............................................................235Electronics Marking ...............................................................238Part Numbers .............................................................................238Datasheets .................................................................................239Resistor Color Bands ...................................................................240Schematic Symbols ................................................................241The Next Chapter ......................................................................242Chapter 9 Ultrasonic Detection ............................................... 243Lesson: Ultrasonic Detection .....................................................244Ultrasonic Sensor Applications ...............................................245Mini Project: Make an Ultrasonic Night Light .............................245Ultrasonic Night Light Code ...................................................246Project: Cat Toy ........................................................................247Instructions............................................................................250Enclosure ..............................................................................252Lathe 101 ..................................................................................269Lathe Safety ..............................................................................271The Next Chapter ......................................................................272Chapter 10 Making Noise ...................................................... 273Noise in Electronics ...................................................................274Thingamagoop .......................................................................275Tactile Metronome .................................................................275LushOne Synth.......................................................................276Mini Project: Pushbutton Melody ...............................................278Instructions............................................................................279Pushbutton Melody Code .......................................................280Project: Noisemaker ..................................................................282Instructions............................................................................283Noisemaker Code...................................................................293The Next Chapter ......................................................................294Chapter 11 Measuring Time ................................................... 295Time Server ............................................................................295Arduino's Timer ....................................................................296Real-Time Clock (RTC) Module ..............................................297Mini Project: Digital Clock .........................................................298Instructions............................................................................300Digital Clock Code .................................................................301Project: Indoor Wind Chime ......................................................302Servo Horns ...........................................................................303Instructions............................................................................304Code .....................................................................................316Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) Tools .........................318The Next Chapter ......................................................................319Chapter 12 Safely Working with High Voltage .......................... 321Lesson: Controlling High Voltage ...............................................322PowerSwitch Tail ....................................................................322EMSL Simple Relay Shield ......................................................323Beefcake Relay Control Board ................................................324Mini Project: Making a Fan Controller .......................................327Instructions............................................................................328Fan Controller Code ...............................................................329Project: Making a Lava Lamp Buddy .........................................330Decoding Infrared ..................................................................331Instructions............................................................................332Lava Lamp Buddy Code ..........................................................335The Next Chapter ......................................................................338Chapter 13 Controlling Motors ............................................... 339How to Control Motors .............................................................340Adafruit Motor Shield ............................................................340Shmalz Haus EasyDriver .........................................................341Bricktronics MegaShield .........................................................341Powering Your Motor Using a TIP-120 .......................................342Alt.Project: Stepper Turner ........................................................344Instructions............................................................................345Stepper Turner Code ..............................................................346Project: BubbleBot ....................................................................347Instructions............................................................................349BubbleBot Code ....................................................................356Glossary 3599780789748836 TOC 11/1/2013
