基本説明
Provides a framework for analyzing folk psychologies, and describes multiple forms that folk psychologies assume in different cultures.
Full Description
Without taking a single psychology course, ordinary people learn to understand, predict, and explain one anther's actions, thoughts, and motivations. Many cognitive scientists and philosophers claim that our everyday or folk understanding of mental states constitutes a theory of mind. That theory is widely called folk psychology (sometimes-commonsense psychology). The terms in which folk psychology are couched are familiar ones of "belief" and "desire," "hunger," "pain," and so forth. According to many theorists, folk psychology plays a central role in our capacity to predict and explain the behavior of ourselves and of others. This book has two goals: (a) to provide a framework for analyzing folk psychologies, and (b) to describe multiple forms that folk psychologies assume in different cultures.Features/Benefits: * Cross-cultural perspectives illustrate typical variations of folk thinking in the world's cultures and help readers understand the varied ways that people they encounter will likely view life.* Each chapter opens with and is structured around a central question the chapter is designed to answer, inviting the reader to participate in exploring the issue at hand. A concluding chapter, "Trends in Folk Psychologies," addresses the value of studying folk psychologies and what can be
Contents
Preface1. Diverse Cultures, Diverse PsycholgiesContrasting Conceptions of Folk PsychologyCultural DiversityThe Book's Twofold PurposeDelineating the Domain of Folk PsychologiesSources of EvidenceThe Evolution of Folk PsychologiesThe Book's Structure2. RealityDimensions of RealityReality and Cultural Change3. KnowingKnowledge Processes and SourcesCultural Change and the State of Knowledge4. CauseAspects of CausalityCultural Change and Beliefs About Cause5. CompetenceKinds of CompetenceConceptions of ImpairmentCultural Change and Competence6. ValuesTypes of Values in Folk PsycholgiesValues and Cultural Change7. EmotionsThe Universality of EmotionsLearning Emotional ResponsesEvent and Emotion ConnectionsEmotions and Cultural Change8. HumorExamples of Folk HumorHumor and Cultural Change9. Self and Not-SelfPsychological IdentificationStereotypical Roles Versus IndividualismThe Presentation of SelfSelf and Cultural Change10. Rites and RitualsFunctions of Rites and RitualsRituals and Cultural Change11. Time and the Life SpanVersions of Historical TimeThe Human Life SpanCultural Change and Concepts of Time12. Gender and SexGender Variations Across Folk PsychologiesGender and Cultural ChangeSexual OrientationSexual BehaviorCultural Change and Sexual Orientation13. ProhibitionsForms and Soruces and ProhibitionsFunctions of ProhibitionsProhibitions and Cultural Change14. Folk Psychologies' Significance and TrendsThe Study of Folk PsychologiesHindsightForesightReferencesName IndexSubject IndexAbout the Author
