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Full Description
International trade plays an enormous role in economic growth and prosperity. This activity can also be used to transfer military equipment, knowledge, and technology to hostile governments and transnational terrorist and criminal organizations seeking to attack and destroy their enemies. The U.S. and other countries have used economic sanctions such as export controls to try to restrict and eliminate the transfer of weapons and financial assets to these governments and organizations. This work examines how the U.S. has attempted to restrict the export of national security sensitive equipment, finance, knowledge, and technology since World War II with varying degrees of success and failure. It also examines how multiple U.S. Government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and international government organizations seek to influence U.S. international trade, foreign, and security policies while concluding that some export controls are essential for promoting and defending U.S. national security interests.
Contents
Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Introduction ix
Chapter 1 U.S. Legal and Legislative History 1
Chapter 2 Commerce and Defense Departments 47
Chapter 3 Customs & Border Patrol, Justice Department,
and Energy Department 162
Chapter 4 The State Department and Export Controls 186
Chapter 5 Treasury Department 234
Chapter 6 Congress and Export Controls 253
Chapter 7 Nongovernment Organizations and Export
Controls 272
Chapter 8 International Government Organizations 295
Conclusion 324
Bibliography 335
Index 411
About the Author 431
