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Full Description
At the beginning of this series of volumes on Color Chemistry, the editors pointed to a number of events that have served as stimuli for techno logical advances in the field, thus preventing dyestuff manufacturing from becoming what might otherwise be viewed by now as a 'sunset industry'. The volumes which followed have provided ample evidence for our belief that the field of colour chemistry is very much alive, though arguably in need of further stimulus. For instance, a viable approach to the design of new chromophores and to the design of metal-free acid, direct, and reactive dyes having fastness properties comparable to their metallized counterparts represent the kind of breakthroughs that would help ensure the continued success of this important field. While it must be acknowledged that serendipity 'smiled' on our discipline at its inception and has repeated the favor from time to time since then, few would argue against the proposition that most of the significant advances in the technology associated with any scientific discipline result from research designed to enhance our understanding of the fundamental causes for experimental observations, many of which are pursued because they are unexpected, intriguing and intellectually stimulating. Little reflection is required for one who knows the history of the dyestuff industry to realize that this is certainly true in the colour chemistry arena, as it was basic research that led to fiber-reactive dyes, dyes for high technology, and modern synthetic organic pigments.
Contents
1 Diazotization of weakly basic aromatic amines: kinetics and mechanism.- 1.1 Prologue.- 1.2 Dependence of diazotization rates on acidity.- 1.3 Diazotization under industrial reaction conditions.- 1.4 Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 2 The heterogeneous kinetics of reactive and disperse dyeing.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The heterogeneous kinetics of dyeing polyester.- 2.3 The heterogeneous kinetics of dyeing cellulose with fibre reactive dyes.- 2.4 Summary.- References.- 3 Aggregation and lyotropic liquid crystal formation of anionic azo dyes for textile fibres.- 3.1 Anionic azo dyes.- 3.2 Aggregation.- 3.3 Lyotropic liquid crystal formation.- 3.4 Textile dyeing.- References.- 4 Contribution of crystal form/habit to colorant properties.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Molecular and crystal lattice characteristics of organic pigments and their effect on pigmentary performance.- 4.3 Control of crystal form/habit.- References.- 5 Dye solubility.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Solubility measurement.- 5.3 Measured solubilities.- 5.4 Estimation methods.- Acknowledgment.- References.- 6 The photodegradation of synthetic colorants.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Basic photochemical principles.- 6.3 Physical factors affecting dye lightfastness.- 6.4 Mechanisms of dye photodegradation.- 6.5 Catalytic fading.- 6.6 Photodecomposition and stabilization of dye-polymer matrices.- 6.7 Photochemistry and photostabilization of functional dyes.- 6.8 Conclusions.- Acknowledgment.- References.- 7 Genotoxicity of azo dyes: bases and implications.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Test methods.- 7.3 Aromatic amines.- 7.4 Mechanisms and metabolism.- 7.5 Structure-activity relationships.- 7.6 Environmental.- 7.7 Conclusions.- References.
