Full Description
Mims' Microbiology makes it easy for you to learn the microbiology and basic immunology concepts you need to know for your courses and USMLE. Using a clinically relevant, systems-based approach, this popular medical textbook accessibly explains the microbiology of the agents that cause diseases and the diseases that affect individual organ systems. With lavish illustrations and straightforward, accessible explanations, Mims' Microbiology makes this complex subject simple to understand and remember.Learn about infections in the context of major body systems and understand why these are environments in which microbes can establish themselves, flourish, and give rise to pathologic changes. This systems-based approach to microbiology employs integrated and case-based teaching that places the "bug parade" into a clinical context.Grasp and retain vital concepts easily thanks to a user-friendly color-coded format, succinct text, key concept boxes, and dynamic illustrations.Effectively review for problem-based courses with the help of chapter introductions and "Lessons in Microbiology" text boxes that highlight the clinical relevance of the material, offer easy access to key concepts, and provide valuable review tools.Approach microbiology by body system or by pathogen through an extensively cross-referenced "Pathogen Review" section.Access the complete contents online at studentconsult.com, along with downloadable illustrations.150 multiple choice review questions... "Pathogen Parade"...and many other features to enhance learning and retention. Enhance your learning and absorb complex information in an interactive, dynamic way with Pathogen Parade - a quickly searchable online glossary of viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Deepen your understanding of epidemiology and the important role it plays in providing evidence-based identification of key risk factors for disease and targets for preventive medicine. A completely re-written chapter on this topic keeps abreast of the very latest findings.
Contents
Preface vAcknowledgements viContributors viStudent Consultants viiA contemporary approach to microbiology xiMicrobes and parasites xiThe context for contemporary medicalmicrobiology xiMicrobiology past, present and future xiiThe approach adopted in this book xivSECTION 1 THE ADVERSARIES - MICROBES1. Microbes as parasites 3The varieties of microbes 3Living inside or outside cells 4Systems of classification 52. The bacteria 7Structure 7Nutrition 9Growth and division 10Gene expression 11Survival under adverse conditions 16Mobile genetic elements 16Mutation and gene transfer 20The genomics of medically important bacteria 233. The viruses 27Infection of host cells 27Replication 29Outcome of viral infection 31Major groups of viruses 334. The fungi 37Major groups of disease-causing fungi 375. The protozoa 416. The helminths and arthropods 43The helminths 43The arthropods 467. Prions 49'Rogue protein' pathogenesis 49Development, transmission and diagnosisof prion diseases 50Prevention and treatment of prion diseases 518. The host-parasite relationship 53The normal flora 53Symbiotic associations 56The characteristics of parasitism 58The evolution of parasitism 59SECTION 2 THE ADVERSARIES-HOST DEFENCES9. The innate defences of the body 67Defence against entry into the body 67Defences once the microorganismpenetrates the body 6810. Adaptive responses provide a 'quantum leap'in effective defence 83The role of antibodies 83The role of T lymphocytes 86Extracellular attack on large infectious agents 89Local defences at mucosal surfaces 9011. The cellular basis of adaptive immuneresponses 95B- and T-cell receptors 98Clonal expansion of lymphocytes 98The role of memory cells 99Stimulation of lymphocytes 101Cytokines 102Regulatory mechanisms 105Tolerance mechanisms 106SECTION 3 THE CONFLICTS12. Background to the infectious diseases 111Host-parasite relationships 111Causes of infectious diseases 115The biologic response gradient 11713. Entry, exit and transmission 119Sites of entry 119Exit and transmission 125Types of transmission between humans 127Transmission from animals 13214. Immune defences in action 137Complement 137Acute phase proteins and patternrecognition receptors 137Fever 139Natural killer cells 139Phagocytosis 139Cytokines 142Antibody-mediated immunity 144Cell-mediated immunity 146Recovery from infection 14915. Spread and replication 153Features of surface and systemic infections 154Mechanisms of spread through the body 155Genetic determinants of spread and replication 158Other factors affecting spread and replication 15916. Parasite survival strategies and persistentinfections 163Parasite survival strategies 164Antigenic variation 169Immunosuppression 170Persistent infections 17317. Pathologic consequences of infection 179Pathology caused directly by microorganism 179Diarrhea 183Pathologic activation of naturalimmune mechanisms 183Pathologic consequences of theimmune response 187Skin rashes 191Viruses and cancer 192SECTION 4 CLINICAL MANIFESTATION ANDIntroduction to Section 4: The clinicalmanifestations of infection 19718. Upper respiratory tract infections 199Rhinitis 199Pharyngitis and tonsillitis 200Parotitis 208Otitis and sinusitis 209Acute epiglottitis 210Oral cavity infections 21019. Lower respiratory tract infections 213Laryngitis and tracheitis 213Diphtheria 213Whooping cough 214Acute bronchitis 215Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis 216Bronchiolitis 216Respiratory syncytial virus infection 216Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) 217Pneumonia 217Bacterial pneumonia 218Viral pneumonia 221Parainfluenza virus infection 221Adenovirus infection 223Human metapneumovirus 223Human bocavirus 223Influenza virus infection 223Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associatedcoronavirus infection 228Measles 229Cytomegalovirus infection 230Tuberculosis 230Cystic fibrosis 233Lung abscess 233Fungal infections 234Parasitic infections 23520. Urinary tract infections 237Acquisition and aetiology 237Pathogenesis 238Clinical features and complications 240Laboratory diagnosis 241Treatment 242Prevention 24321. Sexually transmitted infections 245STIs and sexual behaviour 245Syphilis 245Gonorrhoea 249Chlamydial infection 251Other causes of inguinal lymphadenopathy 253Mycoplasmas and non-gonococcal urethritis 255Other causes of vaginitis and urethritis 255Genital herpes 256Human papillomavirus infection 257Human immunodeficiency virus 257Opportunist STIs 267Arthropod infestations 26722. Gastrointestinal tract infections 269Diarrheal diseases caused by bacterial or viralinfection 270Food poisoning 283Helicobacter pylori and gastric ulcer disease 284Parasites and the gastrointestinal tract 284Systemic infection initiated in thegastrointestinal tract 29123. Obstetric and perinatal infections 303Infections occurring in pregnancy 303Congenital infections 303Infections occurring around the time of birth 30824. Central nervous system infections 311Invasion of the central nervous system 311The body's response to invasion 311Meningitis 313Encephalitis 319Neurologic diseases of possible viral aetiology 324Spongiform encephalopathies causedby scrapie-type agents 324CNS disease caused by parasites 324Brain abscesses 325Tetanus and botulism 32625. Infections of the eye 329Conjunctivitis 329Infection of the deeper layers of the eye 33226. Infections of the skin, soft tissue, muscle andassociated systems 335Bacterial infections of skin, soft tissue andmuscle 337Mycobacterial diseases of the skin 343Fungal infections of the skin 345Parasitic infections of the skin 350Mucocutaneous lesions caused by viruses 351Smallpox 358Measles 358Rubella 360Other infections producing skin lesions 361Kawasaki syndrome 361Viral infections of muscle 361Parasitic infections of muscle 362Joint and bone infections 363Infections of the haemopoietic system 36527. Vector-borne infections 367Arbovirus infections 367Infections caused by rickettsiae 369Borrelia infections 373Protozoal infections 375Helminth infections 38028. Multisystem zoonoses 383Arenavirus infections 383Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) 385Marburg and Ebola haemorrhagic fevers 385Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever,a tick-borne virus 385Q fever 386Anthrax 386Plague 387Yersinia enterocolitica infection 389Tularemia 389Pasteurella multocida infection 389Leptospirosis 389Rat-bite fever 390Brucellosis 390Helminth infections 39129. Fever of unknown origin 395Definitions of fever of unknown origin 395Causes of FUO 395Investigation of classic FUO 396Treatment of FUO 399FUO in specific patient groups 399Infective endocarditis 40030. Infections in the compromised host 403The compromised host 403Infections of the host with deficient innateimmunity due to physical factors 405Infections associated with secondary adaptiveimmunodeficiency 408Other important opportunist pathogens 409SECTION 5 DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL31. Diagnosis of infection and assessment of hostdefense mechanisms 419Aims of the clinical microbiology laboratory 419Specimen processing 419Non-cultural techniques for the laboratorydiagnosis of infection 420Cultivation (culture) of microorganisms 428Identification of microorganismsgrown in culture 429Antibody detection methods for thediagnosis of infection 432Assessment of host defence systems 432Putting it all together: detection, diagnosis,and epidemiology 43632. Epidemiology and control of infectiousdiseases 439Outcome measurements 439Types of epidemiological studies 439Transmission of infectious disease 444Vaccine efficacy 44633. Attacking the enemy: antimicrobial agentsand chemotherapy 447Selective toxicity 447Discovery and design of antimicrobial agents 447Classification of antibacterial agents 448Resistance to antibacterial agents 449Classes of antibacterial agents 452Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis 452Inhibitors of protein synthesis 458Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis 465Antimetabolites affecting nucleic acid synthesis 467Other agents that affect DNA 469Inhibitors of cytoplasmic membrane function 469Urinary tract antiseptics 470Antituberculosis agents 470Antibacterial agents in practice 471Antibiotic assays 473Antiviral therapy 473Antifungal agents 481Antiparasitic agents 483Control by chemotherapy versus vaccination 483Control versus eradication 487Use and misuse of antimicrobial agents 48734. Protecting the host: vaccination 491vaccination - A four hundred year history 491Aims of vaccination 491Vaccines can be of different types 49335. Passive and non-specific immunotherapy 505Passive immunization with antibody 505Non-specific cellular immunostimulation 508Correction of host immunodeficiency 509Probiotics 51036. Hospital infection, sterilization anddisinfection 511Common hospital infections 511Important causes of hospital infection 511Sources and routes of spread ofhospital infection 513Host factors and hospital infection 514Consequences of hospital infection 515Prevention of hospital infection 517Investigating healthcare-associated infection 521Sterilization and disinfection 526Online only - Pathogen paradeBibliography 531Index 539
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