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基本説明
New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 2010. Drawing on a wealth of new archival material, including personal correspondence and diaries, Leonard tells the fascinating story of the creation of game theory by Hungarian Jewish mathematician John von Neumann and Austrian economist Oskar Morgenstern.
Full Description
Drawing on a wealth of archival material, including personal correspondence and diaries, Robert Leonard tells the fascinating story of the creation of game theory by Hungarian Jewish mathematician John von Neumann and Austrian economist Oskar Morgenstern. Game theory first emerged amid discussions of the psychology and mathematics of chess in Germany and fin-de-siècle Austro-Hungary. In the 1930s, on the cusp of anti-Semitism and political upheaval, it was developed by von Neumann into an ambitious theory of social organization. It was shaped still further by its use in combat analysis in World War II and during the Cold War. Interweaving accounts of the period's economics, science, and mathematics, and drawing sensitively on the private lives of von Neumann and Morgenstern, Robert Leonard provides a detailed reconstruction of a complex historical drama.
Contents
Introduction; Part I. Struggle and Equilibrium: From Lasker to von Neumann: 1. 'The strangest states of mind': chess, psychology and Emanuel Lasker's Kampf; 2. 'Deeply rooted yet alien': Hungarian Jews and mathematicians; 3. From Budapest to Göttingen: an apprenticeship in modern mathematics; 4. 'The futile search for the perfect formula': von Neumann's minimax theorem; Part II. Oskar Morgenstern and Interwar Vienna: 5. Equilibrium on trial: the young Morgenstern and the Austrian school; 6. Wrestling with complexity: Wirtschaftsprognose and beyond; 7. Ethics and the excluded middle: Karl Menger and social science; 8. From Austroliberalism to Anschluss: the Viennese economists in the 1930s; Part III. From War to Cold War: 9. Mathematics and the social order: von Neumann's return to game theory; 10. Ars combinatoria: writing the theory of games; 11. Morgenstern's catharsis; 12. Von Neumann's war; 13. Social science and the 'present danger': game theory and psychology at the RAND Corporation, 1946-60; Conclusion.
