Full Description
A detailed historical account of the origins of the modern examination system in England from 1850 to 1900. At the beginning of the nineteenth century public examinations were almost unknown, yet by its end they were established as the most generally acceptable method of assessment and selection; with many they had become almost an article of the Victorian faith, though their objectivity and efficacy were already becoming matters of public controversy. The Oxford and Cambridge honours examinations provided a major source for Victorian ideas of open competition and public examinations. It was seen that this model could be applied to a whole range of educational and administrative purposes. The crucial developments came between 1850 and 1870: major landmarks were the Northcote-Trevelyan Report of 1853 on the Civil Service, the foundation of the Oxford and Cambridge Local Examinations of 1857 and 1858, and Gladstone's introduction in 1870 of open competition into the Home Civil Service.
Contents
Part I. The Competitive Principle Established: 1. Patronage and competition; 2. Middle-class education; 3. Examinations and schools - to 1857; Part II. The Oxford and Cambridge Locals and National Education, 1857-1900; 4. Beginnings, 1857-1860; 5. The education of women; 6. Secondary schools and their studies; 7. The examiners and the examined; Part III. The Public Context, 1855-1900; 8. The Civil Service Examinations: to 1870; 9. The Civil Service Examinations: after 1870; 10. School Examinations - from Taunton to Bryce; 11. Critics and criticisms.
