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基本説明
Discusses the differences and similarities in the planning approaches of various scientific fields by analyzing generic planning characteristics that exist in all planning approaches.
Full Description
The first comparative examination of planning paradigms
This text begins with the principle that the ability to anticipate and plan is an essential feature of intelligent systems, whether human or machine. It further assumes that better planning results in greater achievements. With these principles as a foundation, Planning in Intelligent Systems provides readers with the tools needed to better understand the process of planning and to become better planners themselves.
The text is divided into two parts:
* Part One, "Theoretical," discusses the predominant schools of thought in planning: psychology and cognitive science, organizational science, computer science, mathematics, artificial intelligence, and systems theory. In particular, the book examines commonalities and differences among the goals, methods, and techniques of these various approaches to planning. The result is a better understanding of the process of planning through the cross-fertilization of ideas. Each chapter contains a short introduction that sets forth the interrelationships of that chapter to the main ideas featured in the other chapters.
* Part Two, "Practical," features six chapters that center on a case study of The Netherlands Railways. Readers learn to apply theory to a real-world situation and discoverhow expanding their repertoire of planning methods can help solve seemingly intractable problems.
All chapters have been contributed by leading experts in the various schools of planning and carefully edited to ensure a consistent high standard throughout.
This book is designed to not only expand the range of planning tools used, but also to enable readers to use them more effectively. It challenges readers to look at new approaches and learn from new schools of thought. Planning in Intelligent Systems delivers effective planning approaches for researchers, professors, students, and practitioners in artificial intelligence, computer science, cognitive psychology, and mathematics, as well as industry planners and managers.
Contents
Contributors ix
Preface xi
1 Introduction 1
Wout van Wezel and René Jorna
Part I: Theoretical 23
Introduction to Chapter 2 25
2 How We Do What We Want: A Neurocognitive Perspective on Human Action Planning 27
Bernhard Hommel
Introduction to Chapter 3 57
3 Planning in Dynamic Situations: Some Findings in Complex Supervisory Control 61
Jean-Michel Hoc
Introduction to Chapter 4 99
4 Cognition, Planning, and Domains: An Empirical Study into the Planning Processes of Planners 101
René Jorna
Introduction to Chapter 5 137
5 Coordination Mechanisms in Multi-Actor Systems 139
Henk W.M. Gazendam
Introduction to Chapter 6 175
6 The Organizational Interconnectivity of Planning and Scheduling 177
Kenneth N. McKay and Vincent C.S. Wiers
Introduction to Chapter 7 203
7 Interactive Scheduling Systems 205
Wout van Wezel
Introduction to Chapter 8 243
8 Mathematical Models for Planning Support 245
Leo G. Kroon and Rob A. Zuidwijk
Introduction to Chapter 9 279
9 Modeling and Solving Multisite Scheduling Problems 281
Jürgen Sauer
Introduction to Chapter 10 301
10 Multi-Agent Planning in the Presence of Multiple Goals 303
Michael H. Bowling, Rune M. Jensen, and Manuela M. Veloso
Introduction to Chapter 11 327
11 Multiresolutional Representation and Behavior Generation: How Does It Affect the Performance of and Planning for Intelligent Systems 329
Alexander Meystel
Part II Practical 365
12 Perspectives on Shunting Planning: Research in Planning Support at the Netherlands Railways 371
Wout van Wezel and Derk Jan Kiewiet
13 Task Analysis for Problems of Shunting Planning within the Netherlands Railways 377
Derk Jan Kiewiet, René Jorna, and Wout van Wezel
14 Intelligent Shunting: Dealing with Constraints (Satisfaction) 391
Erwin Abbink
15 Applying Operations Research Techniques to Planning of Train Shunting 415
Ramon M. Lentink, Pieter-Jan Fioole, Leo G. Kroon, and Cor van't Woudt
16 Train Shunting: A Practical Heuristic Inspired by Dynamic Programming 437
R. Haijema, C.W. Duin, and N.M. van Dijk
17 Planner-Oriented Design of Algorithms for Train Shunting Scheduling 477
J. Riezebos and Wout van Wezel
18 Conclusions for Intelligent Planning: Diversity and the Quest for Unity 497
René Jorna, Wout van Wezel, and Alexander Meystel
References 531
Index 565
