Full Description
Practical Manual of Echocardiography in the Urgent Setting
In the acute care setting, medicine happens at full speed and with little margin for error. As echocardiography plays an ever more important role in the diagnosis of patients who present with symptoms that suggest a cardiovascular emergency, clinicians must learn to collect, process and act on echocardiographic information as quickly and effectively as possible.
Practical Manual of Echocardiography in the Urgent Setting covers the essentials of echocardiography in the acute setting, from ultrasound basics to descriptions of all pertinent echocardiographic views to clear, stepwise advice on basic calculations and normal/abnormal ranges.
This compact new reference:
Provides step-by-step guidance to acquiring the correct views and making the necessary calculations to accurately diagnose cardiac conditions commonly encountered in urgent settings.
Presents information organized by complaint/initial presentation so that readers can work from this first knowledge of the patient through the steps required to pinpoint a diagnosis.
Covers echo basics, from sound wave characteristics/properties to common device settings to basic ultrasound formulas
Includes diagnostic algorithms fitted to address the differential diagnosis in the most commonlyencountered clinical scenarios.
Designed and written by frontline clinicians with extensive experience treating patients, Practical Manual of Echocardiography in the Urgent Setting is the perfect pocket-sized guide for residents in cardiology, emergency medicine, and hospital medicine; trainees in echocardiography; medical students on cardiology or emergency medicine rotations; technicians, nurses, attending physicians—anyone who practices in the urgent setting and who needs reliable guidance on echocardiographic views, data and normal/abnormal ranges to aid rapid diagnosis and decision-making at the point of care.
RELATED TITLES:
Kacharava, et al: Pocket Guide to Echocardiography; ISBN: 978-0-470-67444-4
Sun, et al: Practical Handbook of Echocardiography: 101 Case Studies; ISBN: 978-1-4051-9556-0
Contents
Contributors, x
Preface, xiv
1 Ultrasound physics, 1
Vladimir Fridman
Ultrasound generation, 7
Image formation, 9
Doppler ultrasound, 15
Summary and key points, 22
References, 22
2 The transthoracic examination, 23
Vladimir Fridman and Dennis Finkielstein
Performing the echocardiogram, 33
Using the transducer, 35
Steps involved in a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiogram, 37
References, 40
3 Transesophageal echocardiography, 41
Salim Baghdadi and Balendu C. Vasavada
Preparation of the patient, 42
Acoustic windows and standard views, 45
Clean-up and maintenance, 54
References, 56
4 Ventricles, 57
Deepika Misra and Dayana Eslava
Left ventricle, 57
Right ventricle, 66
Atria, 72
Contrast echocardiography, 74
References, 77
5 Left-sided heart valves, 79
Muhammad M. Chaudhry, Ravi Diwan, Yili Huang, and Furqan H. Tejani
Aortic valve, 79
Mitral valve, 94
References, 111
6 Right-sided heart valves, 113
Michael J. Levine and Vladimir Fridman
Tricuspid valve, 113
Pulmonic valve, 122
Qp/Qs: Pulmonary to systemic flow ratio, 127
References, 127
7 Prosthetic heart valves, 129
Karthik Gujja and Vladimir Fridman
Echocardiographic approach to prosthetic heart valves, 132
Approach to suspected valve dysfunction, 134
References, 140
8 The great vessels, 141
Vladimir Fridman and Hejmadi Prabhu
Aorta, 141
Pulmonary artery, 147
D-septal shift, 151
References, 152
9 Evaluation of the pericardium, 153
Chirag R. Barbhaiya
Pericardial effusions, 153
Cardiac tamponade, 154
Echo-guided pericardiocentesis, 159
Constrictive pericarditis, 161
Differentiation of constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy, 163
Effusive-constrictive pericarditis, 165
References, 165
10 Specialty echocardiographic examinations, 167
Cesare Saponieri
TTE in a VAD patient, 167
Intracardiac echocardiography, 169
TEE in the operating room, 171
Echocardiography to guide percutaneous closure devices placement, 172
References, 173
11 Common artifacts, 174
Padmakshi Singh, Moinakhtar Lala, and Sapan Talati
References, 182
12 Hypotension and shock, 183
Sheila Gupta Nadiminti
Determination of central venous pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, and vascular resistance, 183
Hypovolemia, 184
Septic shock, 188
Cardiogenic shock due to left ventricular failure, 189
Cardiogenic shock due to right ventricular failure, 189
Cardiogenic shock due to acute valvular insufficiency or shunt, 190
Acute pulmonary hypertension/pulmonary embolism, 190
References, 193
13 Chest pain syndrome, 195
Sandeep Dhillon and Jagdeep Singh
Myocardial Infarction, 195
Aortic dissection, 198
Pulmonary embolus, 199
Other causes, 201
References, 202
14 Cardiac causes of syncope and acute neurological events, 204
Erika R. Gehrie
Hypovolemia, 205
Arrhythmias, 205
Aortic stenosis, 207
Cardiac tamponade, 207
Pacemaker malfunction, 207
Endocarditis, 207
Pulmonary embolism, 208
Stroke and transient ischemic attacks, 208
Cardiac masses, 212
References, 215
15 Acute dyspnea and heart failure, 216
Mariusz W. Wysoczanski
Echocardiogram in "heart failure", 216
Intracardiac pressures, 217
Echocardiographic approach to dyspnea with hypoxemia, 222
Differential diagnosis for cardiac induced dyspnea, 223
Algorithm for treatment, 223
References, 225
16 Evaluation of a new heart murmur, 226
Vinay Manoranjan Pai
Acute valvular regurgitation, 226
Intracardiac shunts, 231
Pericardial effusion, 232
Post myocardial infarction, 232
References, 233
17 Infective endocarditis, 234
Luis Aybar
Diagnosis and diagnostic accuracy, 234
Guidelines for use of echocardiography to diagnose endocarditis, 236
Appearance on echocardiography, 236
Complications and risk stratification, 238
Prosthetic valve endocarditis, 239
Cardiac device-related infective endocarditis, 240
References, 241
18 Post-procedural complications, 244
Vladimir Fridman
Noncardiac procedures, 244
Cardiac procedures, 245
References, 247
19 "Quick echo in the emergency department": What the EM physician needs to know and do, 248
Dimitry Bosoy and Alexander Tsukerman
Goal of FOCUS, 248
Clinical use of FOCUS, 250
References, 252
Index, 253
