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基本説明
Presents an overview of the systems-based, thermodynamic properties that underpin this natural growth and development, and explains the underlying ecosystem properties that can explain the environment's response to natural perturbations and human interventions.
Full Description
A New Ecology presents an ecosystem theory based on the following ecosystem properties: physical openness, ontic openness, directionality, connectivity, a complex dynamic for growth and development, and a complex dynamic response to disturbances. Each of these properties is developed in detail to show that these basic and characteristic properties can be applied to explain a wide spectrum of ecological obsevations and convections. It is also shown that the properties have application for environmental management and for assessment of ecosystem health.
Contents
Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Ecosystems have openness (thermodynamic). 3. Ecosystems have ontic openness. 4. Ecosystems have directionality. 5. Ecosystems have connectivity. 6. Ecosystems have complex dynamics (growth). 7. Ecosystems have complex dynamics (disturbances). 8. Ecosystems have broad explanatory power in ecology. 9. Ecosystem principles have applications. 10. Conclusions and final remarks. References. Index.