Full Description
This Handbook brings together and integrates comprehensively the core approaches to fear and anxiety. Its four sections: Animal models; neural systems; pharmacology; and clinical approaches, provide a range of perspectives that interact to produce new light on these important and sometimes dysfunctional emotions. Fear and anxiety are analyzed as patterns that have evolved on the basis of their adaptive functioning in response to threat. These patterns are stringently selected, providing a close fit with environmental situations and events; they are highly conservative across mammalian species, producing important similarities, along with some systematic differences, in their human expression in comparison to that of nonhuman mammals. These patterns are described, with attention to both adaptive and maladaptive components, and related to new understanding of neuroanatomic, neurotransmitter, and genetic mechanisms. Although chapters in the volume acknowledge important differences in views of fear and anxiety stemming from animal vs. human research, the emphasis of the volume is on a search for an integrated view that will facilitate the use of animal models of anxiety to predict drug response in people; on new technologies that will enable direct evaluation of biological mechanisms in anxiety disorders; and on strengthening the analysis of anxiety disorders as biological phenomena.
Contents
Section 1. Introduction
Introduction to the Handbook on Fear and Anxiety
Robert Blanchard, D. Caroline Blanchard, Guy Griebel and David Nutt
Section 2. Animal models of Anxiety, Fear and Defense
Theoretical approaches to the modeling of anxiety in animals
Neil McNaughton and Hélio Zangrossi Jr.,
The use of conditioning tasks to model fear and anxiety
Michael S. Fanselow and Ravikumar Ponnusamy
Extinction of fear: from animal studies to clinical interventions
Karyn M. Myers and Michael Davis
Defensive behaviors, fear and anxiety
D. Caroline Blanchard and Robert Blanchard
Unconditioned models of fear and anxiety
Yoav Litvin, Nathan S. Pentkowski, Roger L. Pobbe, D. Caroline Blanchard and Robert J. Blanchard
Section 3. Neural Systems for Anxiety, Fear, and Defense
Brain mechanisms of Pavlovian and instrumental aversive conditioning
Christopher K. Cain and Joseph E. LeDoux
Neural systems activated in response to predators and partial predator stimuli
Newton Sabino Canteras
A behavioral and neural systems comparison of unconditioned and conditioned defensive behavior
Newton S. Canteras and D. Caroline Blanchard
Section 4. The Pharmacology of Anxiety, Fear, and Defense
Peptide receptor ligands to treat anxiety disorders
Thomas Steckler
Subtype-selective GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor ligands for the treatment of anxiety disorders
James K. Rowlett
Modulation of anxiety behaviors by 5-HT-interacting drugs
Francisco Silveira Guimarães, Antonio Pádua Carobrez and Frederico Guilherme Graeff
The glutamatergic system as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of anxiety disorders
John F. Cryan and Kumlesh K. Dev
The endocannabinoid system and anxiety responses
Marco Bortolato and Daniele Piomelli
Genetic factors underlying anxiety-behaviour: a meta-analysis of rodent studies involving targeted mutations of neurotransmission genes
Catherine Belzung, Samuel Leman and Guy Griebel
The pharmacology of anxiolysis
Andrew Holmes
Section 5. Handbook of Fear and Anxiety:
Clinical and Experimental Considerations
Phenomenology of anxiety disorders
David J. Nutt, Berta Garcia de Miguel and Simon J.C. Davies
How effective are current drug treatments for anxiety disorders, and how could they be improved?
David S. Baldwin and Matthew J. Garner
Experimental models: panic and fear
Gabriel Esquivel, Koen Schruers and Eric Griez
Principles and findings from human imaging of anxiety disorders
Andrea L. Malizia and David Nutt
Stress hormones and anxiety disorders
Elizabeth A. Young, James L. Abelson and Israel Liberzon
The genetics of human anxiety disorders
Eduard Maron, John M. Hettema and Jakov Shlik
