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基本説明
Presents the first comprehensive treatment of fluctuations in fluids and fluid mixtures that are brought out of equilibrium by the imposition of a temperature or concentration gradient.
Full Description
This book deals with density, temperature, velocity and concentration fluctuations in fluids and fluid mixtures. The book first reviews thermal fluctuations in equilibrium fluids on the basis of fluctuating hydrodynamics. It then shows how the method of fluctuating hydrodynamics can be extended to deal with hydrodynamic fluctuations when the system is in a stationary nonequilibrium state. In contrast to equilibrium fluids where the fluctuations are generally short ranged unless the system is close to a critical point, fluctuations in nonequilibrium fluids are always long-ranged encompassing the entire system. The book provides the first comprehensive treatment of fluctuations in fluids and fluid mixtures brought out of equilibrium by the imposition of a temperature and concentration gradient but that are still in a macroscopically quiescent state. By incorporating appropriate boundary conditions in the case of fluid layers, it is shown how fluctuating hydrodynamics affects the fluctuations close to the onset of convection. Experimental techniques of light scattering and shadowgraphy for measuring nonequilibrium fluctuations are elucidated and the experimental results thus far reported in the literature are reviewed.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics
3. Fluctuations in Fluids in Thermodynamic Equilibrium
4. Thermal Nonequilibrium Fluctuations in One-Component Fluids
5. Thermal Nonequilibrium Fluctuations in Fluid Mixtures
6. Finite-Size Effects in Hydrodynamic Fluctuations
7. Thermal Nonequilibrium Fluctuations in One-Component-Fluid Layers
8. Thermal Fluctuations Close to the Rayleigh-Bénard Instability
9. Thermal Nonequilibrium Fluctuations in Binary-Fluid Layers
10. Experiments on Nonequilibrium Fluctuations in the Rayleigh-Bénard Problem
11. Other Nonequilibrium Fluctuations
12. Epilogue
Bibliography
List of Symbols and Corresponding SI Units
List of Abbreviations
Subject Index
