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Full Description
A ground-breaking new book, Beyond Human Error: Taxonomies and Safety Science deconstructs the conventional concept of human error and provides a whole new way of looking at accidents and how they might be prevented. The majority of accidents and incidents are caused, at some level, by human error. This text provides an introduction to this key field as well as a broad background to the subject. Incorporating the sociology of disaster and accidents into a practical framework, it offers a new paradigm for the subject. The authors address the roots ofhuman error in the Western tradition and discuss the history of human error studies, human factors, and ergonomics, exploring hidden assumptions that have colored past research. They include current methodologies of experimental design, new paradigms, and outlines situated and distributed cognition models, and more useful intervention strategies.
Contents
Safety and Science. Reflective Practice and Safety Practice. Abstraction and Safety Science. Causality and Accidents. Heinrich. The Myth of the Root Cause. Models of Accident Causation. References. Safety and Taxonomies. Introduction. The Purpose of a Database and a Taxonomy. The Privileged Classifier. The Correspondence Theory of Classification. Taxonomies and Safety. Applications of Taxonomy Theory. Conclusion. References. Taxonomic Consensus. Reliability and Validity. The Logic of Taxonomic Consensus. Approaches to Probability. Quantifying Taxonomic Consensus. Simple Conditional Probability for Taxonomic Consensus. Signal Detection Theory and Reliability Testing. Conclusion. References. Taxonomic Output and Validity. Traditional Analyses and Possible Alternatives. Probabilistic Risk Assessment. Problems with the Null Hypothesis Test. Hot Science. Working with Taxonomic Data. Conclusion. References. Psychology and Human Factors. Taxonomies and Psychology. The History of Cognitivism. Information Processing. Situated Cognition. Embodied Cognition. Distributed Cognition. Discursive Psychology. Conclusion. References. Cybernetics and Systems Theory. Second-Order Cybernetics. Cybernetics, Systems Theory, and Human Behavior. Cybernetics: Conclusion. Normal Accidents. Conclusion. References. Challenger and Columbia. The Challenger Disaster. Columbia. Conclusion. References. Rules and Regulations. Rules, Physics, and Cognition. Laws. Psychology. Rules and Regulations. Technical Rationality. Self-Organization. The Social View. Why Has the Accident Rate Gone Down? Interpreting Accident Statistics. Empowerment. Conclusion. References. Conclusion. Science, Etc. References. Appendix 1 Carrying Out a Reliability Trial. Related Titles.
