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Full Description
This book covers both Mass Casualty and Mass Fatality and has been prepared for anyone who wants to know about the process, procedures, and management associated with it. The book details the responsibility to protect the public and is based on the latest emergency education information and physical research on what happens in disasters.The book offers a step-by-step emergency management process and discusses the purpose of having such a process in place. It describes what the four pillars of emergency management are, and includes how to assess the risk, the crisis, the consequence, and the vulnerability. The book also includes cyber threats. This book will assist emergency managers, department of defense, fire services, law enforcement, EMS, local, state, and federal governments, and those new to the field, by giving them a step-by-step process to follow and guide them to understanding what emergency management is.FeaturesOffers a step-by-step emergency management process Discusses the purpose of having an emergency management process in place Describes what the four pillars of emergency management are Covers the methods and requirements of how to apply the management process Illustrates how to develop, practice, and maintain emergency plans that reflect what must be done before, during, and after a disaster
Contents
Table of ContentsDedication 11Preface 12-16Introduction 17-19Author Biography 20-21Chapter 1 Mass Casualty 22Mass Casualty Incident 22Declaration 22Initial Size Up 23Scene Size Up 23M.E.T.H.A.N.E. 24Agencies & Responders 24Emergency Medical Services 24Fire & Rescue 25Public Safety 25Specialized Teams 26Public Services 26Hospitals 27-28Mass Casualty Decontamination Line Flow 29Triage 30-32Treatment 32-33On-Site Morgue 33Transport 33-34Definitive Care 34Interim-Care Center 34-35Mass Casualty Event 35Demobilization 35-36Activating a Mass Casualty Response 36Size-Up 1 36-37Size-Up 2 37-38Pre-Response Element Set-up 38-39Functional Areas 40-41Functional Roles 42-44Mass Casualty Demobilization 45Summary 46Chapter 2 Decontamination for Mass Casualty/Mass Fatality Event 47Decontamination 47Methods 47Mass Decontamination 48Mass Hysteria & Security Aspects 48-49Mass Decontamination Equipment 50Contamination Run-Off Control 50Functions of a Decontamination Activities 50Usage 51Types of Contamination 52-53The Effects of Contamination 53-54Human Decontamination of Injured Victims 54-55Hospital Decontamination of Injured Victims 56Decontamination Exercises 56-60Internal Human Contamination 61Summary 61Chapter 3 Civil Support Team Decontamination Operations 62Decontamination Planning 63What is the Terrain? 64-65Decontamination of personal Protective Equipment 65-67Decontamination Process 67-70Casualty Decontamination 70-71Casualty Decontamination Considerations 71Site Layout 71-72Mass Casualty Decontamination 72Decontamination Procedures for Ambulatory Casualties 72-73Prepare Hypochlorite Solution 73-76Decontamination Site Clean-up 76Summary 77Chapter 4 Template Instructions for Mass Casualty Incident 78Acknowledgement 79Table of Contents 80Overview 81Purpose 81Scope 82Assumptions 82Pre-Incident Training & Exercise Schedule 83Supplies & Equipment 84Activation 85Authorization 85Authorization to Activate 85Notification 86Coordinate Staffing & Prepare Staff for Activation 87-88Deploy Supplies & Equipment 89Hospital Command Center 89Operations 89Triage 89-92Treatment 93-94Security 94Traffic Control 95Internal Security 95Law Enforcement 96Patient Processing 96-97Communications 98-99At Risk Population 99-100Family Information Center (FIC) 101FIC Activation 101Sample FIC Checklist 102Mental & Behavioral Health 103-104Staff Support Services 104Transition 104Authority to Transition 105Notify Stakeholders 106Transition of Operations 107Appendices 108Chapter 5 Triage 110Triage 110-111Triage Types 111Simple Triage 111-112Triage Tags 112Advance Triage 112-114Continuous integrated Triage 114-115Reverse Triage 115Under Triage & Over Triage 115Outcomes 116Palliative Care 116Evacuation 116Alternative Care Facilities 116Secondary (In-Hospital) Triage 117Specific System 117Practical Applied Triage 117-118Scoring System 118S.T.A.R.T. Model 119-120Hospital Systems 120-121Conventional Classification from Different Countries 121Australia & New Zealand 122Canada 122-123Japan 124Spain 124United Kingdom 125United States 125-127United States Military 127-128Limitations of Current Practices 129-131Ethical Implications 132SummaryChapter 6 Guidelines for First Responders to a Mass Casualty CBRN Incident EURO-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) 134Introduction 134-135Information Gathering Assessment & Dissemination 135Scene Management 136Saving & Protecting Life 136Additional Specialist Support 136-137Chart 6.1 Information Gathering 137-138Chart 6.2 Scene Management 138-139Chart 6.3 Saving & Protecting Life 140Chart 6.4 Additional Specialist Support 141-143Summary 143-144Chapter 7 Mass Fatality 145Mass Fatalities Main Categories 145Significant Mass Fatality Incidents 146Response Functions 147Mass Fatality Management Resources 148-149Disaster Mortuary Operations Response Teams (DMORT) 150DMORT Organizations 150-151Identification of Remains 151-152Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team (DMORT) 152-153Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMAT) 153-154Disaster Portable Morgue Units (DPMU) 154-155National Nurse Response Team (NNRT) 155-156National Pharmacy Response Teams (NPRT) 157-158Veterinary Medical Assistance Teams (VMAT) 158-159Critical Infrastructure Protection 159-160Sector Vision Statement 160Healthcare & Public Health Sector Specific Plan 160-161Logistics 161Operations 162Secretary's Operation Center 162Response Operations 163Training Exercise & lessons Learned (TELL) 164Preparedness Planning 164-165Manmade Disasters 165-166Natural Disasters 166-169Summary 170Chapter 8 Mass Fatality Planning 171Mass Fatality Management 171Mass Fatality Checklist 171Mass Fatality Management Plan Template 172Overview 172Plan Maintenance 173Activation 174-175Operations 175-176Demobilization 176Public Information 177Liaison Officer 177Operations Section 177Planning Section 177Logistics Section 178Chart 8.1 Example Complex Mass Fatality Operation 178Mass Fatality management Adherence 179-180Local Agencies/Jurisdictional Support 180Summary 181Chapter 9 Mortuary Logistic Challenges of a Mass Fatality Incidents 182The Complex Problem 182-184Decedent Remains Planning & Educational Resources 184-185Table 9.1 Possible Options for Mortuary Operations 185Summary 186Chapter 10 Defense Support to Civil Authorities (DSCA) 187Defense Support to Civil Authorities (DSCA) 187Military Aid to Civil Power 187-188DSCA Authority 188DSCA Activation 189FEMA 190DSCA History 190-191Summary 191Chapter 11 General Guidelines for Hospital Mass Casualty/Mass Fatality Decontamination 192 Procedures 193General Procedures 5 steps process 193Step 1 Set up Decontamination & Support Areas 193Decontamination Corridors 194Decontamination System Design 195Safe Refuge/Observation Area 195-196Medical Triage 196Step 2 Conduct Decontamination Triage 196-197Step 3 Decontaminate Victims 197Steps to take while Victims are waiting 197-198If contamination is involved 198-199Step 4 Segregate Victims for Observation/Treatment 199-200Step 5 Release Victims 200Cold Weather Observation 200-201First Responder Considerations 201Exiting the Hot Zone 202Infant/Children & Adolescent (Pediatrics) Considerations 202-203Elderly, Pregnant Women & People with Chronic Conditions 203Recent Planning Guidance 203-204Summary 204Chapter 12 Animal Decontamination: Natural and ManmadeAnimals & DisastersAnimals & Disasters ConcernsOwners Concerns for AnimalsAnimal Care & Incident Management 1Animal Care & Incident Management 2Emergency Operation Plans & AnimalsESF#11 Agriculture & Natural ResourcesSafety & Well-Being of Household PetsResponse PoliciesDisaster ReadinessFarms & Natural DisastersProtection: Veterinary CareResponse: DiseaseResponse: Hazardous MaterialsSummaryAnimal Decontamination Flow ChartCase Study 1 Mass Casualty Management (RANA Plaza Tragedy) 205-207Case Presentation 207Case Study 1 Table 1 Patient Matrix Emergency Room 207Hospital Resources/Execution of Services 208-209Case Study 1 Table 2 Surgical Operative Procedures 210Case Study 1 Figure 1 Patterns of Anesthetic Procedures 210Discussion & Evaluation 211-214Summary 214Case Study 2 Mass Fatality Tsunami Disaster on 26 December 2004, Thailand, Indonesia 215Methods & Findings 215-216Background Information 216Purpose of this study 217-218Case Study 2 Table 1 Estimated Casualty/Fatality 218Body Recovery & Storage 219Case Study 2 Table 2 Number of Bodies Buried 219-220Identification of Victims 220Coordination & Preparedness 221Discussion of Actions 221Storage, Identification & Burials 222Coordination & Preparedness 222Summary 223Case Study 3 Mass Casualty Event Involving CBRN Incidents 224-225CBRN Challenges 225-226Decontamination Considerations 226The Principles of Decontamination 227Responding to a CBRN Event 227Scene Management 227-228CBRN Casualty Management Zones 228-229Personal Protective Equipment 229-230Hazard Monitoring Strategies 230Mass Casualty Triage 231Triage Zones 232Onsite Triage Zones (Level 1) 232-233Medical Triage Cold Zone (Level 2) 233Evacuation Triage & Loading Zone (Level 3) 234Triage Tagging 234-235Example Triage Tags 235Summary 236Lessons Learned 1 Challenges of the Management of a Mass Casualty Event 237Introduction of the Event 238Methodology of the Event 239Results of the Event 239Mechanisms of the Injuries Table 1 240Body parts Injured Table 2 241Challenges Encounter Table 3 242-244Lesson Learned & Discussion of the Event 244-250Summary 251Lesson Learned 2 International Lessons to Improve Mass Casualty/Fatality Management 2008 252Table of Contents 252International Lessons to Improve Mass Casualty Management 252Pandemic Influenza Event December 2008 252Abstract of the Event 253Introduction 254-255Methodology 255Specific Objectives & Analysis 255-257Analysis review of the Mass Casualty/Fatality Events 257Lesson Learned 2 Table 1 Largest Mass Fatality Events 258-259Major Events Selected & Key Reviews 259Lesson Learned 2 table 2 Major Events Examined 260-261Lesson Learned 2 Table 3 Successes & Failures 261-263Lesson Learned 2 Table 4 Lesson Identified 264-265Review of Benchmark Countries 266Lesson Learned 2 Table 5 Mass Fatality Management (MFM) Operation 266-268Lesson Learned 2 Table 6 National MFM Documents Accessible on the Internet 269MFM Planning in the Unites States 270Lesson Learned 2 Table 7 State & Territory Mass Fatality Management 270Summary 271-272Lesson Learned 2 table 8 Mass Fatality management Planning 272Appendices 1 Acronyms 273Appendices 2 Questionnaires 273-274Mass Casualty Challenge Scenarios Questions 277-283Answers to Scenario Questions 284-288Glossary 289-324Bibliography 325-336
