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"I believe The Craft of System Security is one of the best software security books on the market today. It has not only breadth, but depth, covering topics ranging from cryptography, networking, and operating systems--to the Web, computer-human interaction, and how to improve the security of software systems by improving hardware. Bottom line, this book should be required reading for all who plan to call themselves security practitioners, and an invaluable part of every university's computer science curriculum."
--Edward Bonver, CISSP, Senior Software QA Engineer, Product Security, Symantec Corporation
"Here's to a fun, exciting read: a unique book chock-full of practical examples of the uses and the misuses of computer security. I expect that it will motivate a good number of college students to want to learn more about the field, at the same time that it will satisfy the more experienced professional."
--L. Felipe Perrone, Department of Computer Science, Bucknell University
Whether you're a security practitioner, developer, manager, or administrator, this book will give you the deep understanding necessary to meet today's security challenges--and anticipate tomorrow's. Unlike most books, The Craft of System Security doesn't just review the modern security practitioner's toolkit: It explains why each tool exists, and discusses how to use it to solve real problems.
After quickly reviewing the history of computer security, the authors move on to discuss the modern landscape, showing how security challenges and responses have evolved, and offering a coherent framework for understanding today's systems and vulnerabilities. Next, they systematically introduce the basic building blocks for securing contemporary systems, apply those building blocks to today's applications, and consider important emerging trends such as hardware-based security.
After reading this book, you will be able to
Understand the classic Orange Book approach to security, and its limitations
Use operating system security tools and structures--with examples from Windows, Linux, BSD, and Solaris
Learn how networking, the Web, and wireless technologies affect security
Identify software security defects, from buffer overflows to development process flaws
Understand cryptographic primitives and their use in secure systems
Use best practice techniques for authenticating people and computer systems in diverse settings
Use validation, standards, and testing to enhance confidence in a system's security
Discover the security, privacy, and trust issues arising from desktop productivity tools
Understand digital rights management, watermarking, information hiding, and policy expression
Learn principles of human-computer interaction (HCI) design for improved security
Understand the potential of emerging work in hardware-based security and trusted computing
Contents
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxxi
Part I: History 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 3
1.1 The Standard Rubric 4
1.2 The Matrix 7
1.3 Other Views 9
1.4 Safe States and the Access Control Matrix 16
1.5 Other Hard Questions 18
1.6 The Take-Home Message 21
1.7 Project Ideas 22
Chapter 2: The Old Testament 23
2.1 The Basic Framework 23
2.2 Security Models 25
2.3 The Orange Book 33
2.4 INFOSEC, OPSEC, JOBSEC 43
2.5 The Take-Home Message 43
2.6 Project Ideas 43
Chapter 3: Old Principles, New World 45
3.1 Solving the Wrong Problem? 46
3.2 Lack of Follow-Through? 48
3.3 Too Unwieldy? 49
3.4 Saltzer and Schroeder 53
3.5 Modern Relevance 56
3.6 The Take-Home Messagev57
3.7 Project Ideas 57
Part II: Security and the Modern Computing Landscape 59 Chapter 4: OS Security 61
4.1 OS Background 61
4.2 OS Security Primitives and Principles 68
4.3 Real OSes: Everything but the Kitchen Sink 73
4.4 When the Foundation Cracks 77
4.5 Where Are We? 82
4.6 The Take-Home Message 86
4.7 Project Ideas 86
Chapter 5: Network Security 87
5.1 Basic Framework 88
5.2 Protocols 99
5.3 The Network as a Battlefield 104
5.4 The Brave New World 112
5.5 The Take-Home Message 121
5.6 Project Ideas 121
Chapter 6: Implementation Security 123
6.1 Buffer Overflow 124
6.2 Argument Validation and Other Mishaps 132
6.3 TOCTOU 139
6.4 Malware 140
6.5 Programming Language Security 143
6.6 Security in the Development Lifecycle 148
6.7 The Take-Home Message 152
6.8 Project Ideas 152
Part III: Building Blocks for Secure Systems 155 Chapter 7: Using Cryptography 157
7.1 Framework and Terminology 158
7.2 Randomness 161
7.3 Symmetric Cryptography 163
7.4 Applications of Symmetric Cryptography 172
7.5 Public-Key Cryptography 174
7.6 Hash Functions 180
7.7 Practical Issues: Public Key 183
7.8 Past and Future 186
7.9 The Take-Home Message 187
7.10 Project Ideas 187
Chapter 8: Subverting Cryptography 189
8.1 Breaking Symmetric Key without Brute Force 190
8.2 Breaking Symmetric Key with Brute Force 192
8.3 Breaking Public Key without Factoring 194
8.4 Breaking Cryptography via the Real World 202
8.5 The Potential of Efficiently Factoring Moduli 209
8.6 The Take-Home Message 212
8.7 Project Ideas 213
Chapter 9: Authentication 215
9.1 Basic Framework 216
9.2 Authenticating Humans 217
9.3 Human Factors 220
9.4 From the Machine's Point of View 223
9.5 Advanced Approaches 226
9.6 Case Studies 237
9.7 Broader Issues 243
9.8 The Take-Home Message 247
9.9 Project Ideas 248
Chapter 10: Public Key Infrastructure 249
10.1 Basic Definitions 250
10.2 Basic Structure 252
10.3 Complexity Arrives 253
10.4 Multiple CAs 258
10.5 Revocation 262
10.6 The X.509 World 265
10.7 Dissent 268
10.8 Ongoing Trouble 271
10.9 The Take-Home Message 273
10.10 Project Ideas 273
Chapter 11: Standards, Compliance, and Testing 275
11.1 Standards 276
11.2 Policy Compliance 282
11.3 Testing 289
11.4 The Take-Home Message 297
11.5 Project Ideas 298
Part IV: Applications 299 Chapter 12: The Web and Security 301
12.1 Basic Structure 302
12.2 Security Techniques 316
12.3 Privacy Issues 329
12.4 Web Services 334
12.5 The Take-Home Message 336
12.6 Project Ideas 337
Chapter 13: Office Tools and Security 339
13.1 Word 340
13.2 Lotus 1-2-3 350
13.3 PDF 351
13.4 Cut-and-Paste 355
13.5 PKI and Office Tools 357
13.6 Mental Models 360
13.7 The Take-Home Message 363
13.8 Project Ideas 363
Chapter 14: Money, Time, Property 365
14.1 Money 366
14.2 Time 376
14.3 Property 381
14.4 The Take-Home Message 387
14.5 Project Ideas 387
Part V: Emerging Tools 389 Chapter 15: Formal Methods and Security 391
15.1 Specification 392
15.2 Logics 395
15.3 Cranking the Handle 403
15.4 Case Studies 404
15.5 Spinning Your Bank Account 404
15.6 Limits 405
15.7 The Take-Home Message 407
15.8 Project Ideas 409
Chapter 16: Hardware-Based Security 411
16.1 Data Remanence 412
16.2 Attacks and Defenses 415
16.3 Tools 423
16.4 Alternative Architectures 434
16.5 Coming Trends 440
16.6 The Take-Home Message 447
16.7 Project Ideas 447
Chapter 17: In Search of the Evil Bit 449
17.1 The AI Toolbox 451
17.2 Application Taxonomy 455
17.3 Case Study 458
17.4 Making it Real 464
17.5 The Take-Home Message 466
17.6 Project Ideas 466
Chapter 18: Human Issues 467
18.1 The Last Mile 468
18.2 Design Principles 472
18.3 Other Human-Space Issues 481
18.4 Trust 483
18.5 The Take-Home Message 485
18.6 Project Ideas 485
The Take-Home Lesson 487 Appendix A: Exiled Theory 489
A.1 Relations, Orders, and Lattices 490
A.2 Functions 491
A.3 Computability Theory 492
A.4 Frameworks 496
A.5 Quantum Physics and Quantum Computation 497
Bibliography 503
Index 525
