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A provocative essay that challenged the superiority of civilized society and modern government, Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality made him an outcast among fellow Enlightenment thinkers but stands today as one of the most important political texts in Western history. Helena Rosenblatt's new translation, introduction, and selection of related documents help students comprehend why Rousseau's criticisms of human nature, political hierarchy, and private property were so controversial in his time yet later were hailed as a foundation of democracy. The introduction explores life experiences that shaped Rousseau's philosophy, explains contemporary ideas about political authority and social order, and guides students through Rousseau's thought, including explanations of how his work anticipated theories about evolution and inspired leaders of the French Revolution. Related primary documents - including a selection from Rousseau's Social Contract - situate Rousseau's ideas in contemporary political and social thought. Questions for consideration, a chronology of Rousseau's life and work, and a selected bibliography enrich students' understanding of the man and his times.
Contents
Foreword.- PART I: INTRODUCTION: THE LIFE AND THOUGHT OF JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU Rousseau's Beginnings: The Road to the Second Discourse.- The Origins of Political Authority Before Rousseau.- Rousseau's Bombshell: The Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality .- The State of Nature.- The Steps to Society.- The Invention of Property.- Anthropology, Psychology, and Evolutionary Biology.- Rousseau and Gender.- Reception of the Second Discourse.- 'Citizen of Geneva': The Dedication.- Rousseau's Later Life and Legacy.- Rousseau and the French Revolution.- The Social Contract and Its Paradoxes .- PART II: DISCOURSE ON THE ORIGIN AND FOUNDATIONS OF INEQUALITY AMONG MEN BY JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU, CITIZEN OF GENEVA Dedication .- Preface.- Notice about the Notes.- First Part.- Second Part.- Rousseau's Notes .- PART III: RELATED DOCUMENTS Politics Drawn from Holy Scripture, 1709; Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet.- Leviathan, 1651; Thomas Hobbes.- On the Duty of Man and Citizen, 1673; Samuel Pufendorf.- Two Treaties of Government, 1690; John Locke.- Discourse on the Nature of Animals, 1753; George-Louis Leclerc Buffon.- Of the Social Contract, 1762; Jean-Jacques Rousseau.- Maximilien Robespierre.- Principles of Politics, 1810; Benjamin Constant.- Appendixes.- A Jean-Jacques Rousseau Chronology (1712-1794).- Questions for Consideration.- Selected Bibliography .- Index.
