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Winner, Friends of the Dallas Public Library Award from the Texas Institute of Letters, 2003
Antiphon was a fifth-century Athenian intellectual (ca. 480-411 BCE) who created the profession of speechwriting while serving as an influential and highly sought-out adviser to litigants in the Athenian courts. Three of his speeches are preserved, together with three sets of Tetralogies (four hypothetical paired speeches), whose authenticity is sometimes doubted. Fragments also survive of intellectual treatises on subjects including justice, law, and nature (physis), which are often attributed to a separate Antiphon the Sophist. Were these two Antiphons really one and the same individual, endowed with a wide-ranging mind ready to tackle most of the diverse intellectual interests of his day?
Through an analysis of all these writings, this book convincingly argues that they were composed by a single individual, Antiphon the Athenian. Michael Gagarin sets close readings of individual works within a wider discussion of the fifth-century Athenian intellectual climate and the philosophical ferment known as the sophistic movement. This enables him to demonstrate the overall coherence of Antiphon's interests and writings and to show how he was a pivotal figure between the sophists and the Attic orators of the fourth century. In addition, Gagarin's argument allows us to reassess the work of the sophists as a whole, so that they can now be seen as primarily interested in logos (speech, argument) and as precursors of fourth-century rhetoric, rather than in their usual role as foils for Plato.
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1. The Sophistic Period
Who Were the Sophists?
Inquiry and Experiment
Paradox and Play
Public Competition
Logos, Argument, Rhetoric
Relativism and Humanism
Conclusion
2. Antiphon: Life and Works
Orator and Sophist
The Authenticity of the Tetralogies
3. Truth
The Papyrus Fragments
Nomos and Physis
Justice
Advantage and Disadvantage, Pleasure and Pain
The Senses and the Intellect
Language and Truth
Structure and Style
Conclusion
4. Concord, Dream-Interpretation
Concord: Content
Concord: Style
Dream Interpretation
Other Works
5. The Tetralogies
The Tetralogies and Their Audience
Pollution
Tetralogy 1
Tetralogy 2
Tetralogy 3
Conclusion
6. The Court Speeches
Athenian Homicide Law
Antiphon 6: On the Chorus Boy
Antiphon 1: Against the Stepmother
Antiphon 5: The Murder of Herodes
Antiphon's Speech in His Own Defense
Antiphon's Logographic Strategies
Conclusion
7. From the Sophists to Forensic Oratory
The Complete Antiphon
Style
Argument
Thought
The Career of Antiphon--A Summary
Appendix A. Truth: The Papyrus Fragments
Appendix B. Concord: The Fragments
Works Cited
Indices
Citations from Ancient Authors
General Index
