Biological Anthropology -- Paperback （Internatio）

Stanford, Craig B./ Allen, John S./ Anton, Susan C.

Pearson Education (Us)（2011/08発売）

• 製本 Paperback:紙装版/ペーパーバック版
• 商品コード 9780205244591

Full Description

ALERTcourse syllabus to ensure that you select the correct ISBN. Several versions of Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products exist for each title, including customized versions for individual schools, and registrations are not transferable. In addition, you may need a CourseID, provided by your instructor, to register for and use Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products.PackagesAccess codes for Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products may not be included when purchasing or renting from companies other than Pearson; check with the seller before completing your purchase.Used or rental booksIf you rent or purchase a used book with an access code, the access code may have been redeemed previously and you may have to purchase a new access code.Access codesAccess codes that are purchased from sellers other than Pearson carry a higher risk of being either the wrong ISBN or a previously redeemed code. Check with the seller prior to purchase.-- Discover the Best of Biological Anthropology: From its Earliest Foundations to its Most Current InnovationsBiological Anthropology, 3/e is written to appeal to a wide range of students. It continues to build upon the strength and success of its first and second editions by integrating the foundations of the field with the most current innovations happening today. Over the past 40 years, biological anthropology has rapidly evolved from the study of physical anthropology into biological anthropology. Biological anthropology is now an integrative combination of information from the fossil record and the human skeleton, genetics of individuals and of populations, our primate relatives, human adaptation, and human behavior. The third edition of Biological Anthropology combines the most up-to-date, comprehensive coverage of the foundations of the field with modern innovations and discoveries.Teaching and Learning ExperienceImprove Critical Thinking - Visual summaries, critical thinking questions, Insights and Advances boxes and author suggested readings found within each chapter encourage students to examine assumptions, discern hidden values, evaluate evidence, assess conclusions, and more!Engage Students - Woven into each chapter, student-oriented pedagogy, art, photos, and maps help students gain a better understanding of key material.Support Instructors - Teaching your course just got easier! You can Create a Customized Text or use our author reviewed Instructor's Manual, Electronic "MyTest" Test Bank or PowerPoint Presentation Slides. Additionally, we offer fantastic bundling options for the lab portion of your course with our Method & Practice in Biological Anthropology: A Workbook and Laboratory Manual for Introductory Courses, or our Atlas of Anthropology. (Both able to be packaged at a significant discount!)

Contents

IN THIS SECTION:1.) BRIEF2.) COMPREHENSIVEIntroduction: What Is Biological Anthropology? Part I: Mechanisms of EvolutionChapter 1: Origins of Evolutionary Thought Chapter 2: Genetics: Cells and Molecules Chapter 3: Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype Chapter 4: The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species Chapter 5: Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability Part II: PrimatesChapter 6: The Primates Chapter 7: Primate Behavior Part III: Paleontology and Primate EvolutionChapter 8: Fossils in Geological Context Chapter 9: Origin of Primates Chapter 10: Becoming Human: The Ape-Hominin Transition Part IV: The Human Fossil RecordChapter 11: Early Hominins Chapter 12: Rise of the Genus Homo Chapter 13: Archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertals Chapter 14: The Emergence and Dispersal of Homo sapiens Part V: New Frontiers in Biological AnthropologyChapter 15: Evolution of the Brain and Language Chapter 16: Biomedical Anthropology Chapter 17: The Evolution of Human Behavior Chapter 18: Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology Appendix A: Overview of the Brain Appendix B: Primate and Human Comparative Anatomy Appendix C: The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Appendix D: Metric-Imperial Conversions Preface About the Authors Introduction: What Is Biological Anthropology? The Scope of Biological Anthropology Paleoanthropology Skeletal Biology and Human Osteology Paleopathology Forensic Anthropology Primatology Human Biology The Roots of Modern Biological Anthropology Anthropology and Its Subfields Cultural Anthropology INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: A Paradigm Split in Anthropology? Archaeology Linguistic Anthropology Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Part I: Mechanisms of EvolutionChapter 1: Origins of Evolutionary Thought What Is Science? The Early Thinkers The Roots of Modern Science Linnaeus and the Natural Scheme of Life The Road to the Darwinian Revolution The Uniformitarians: Hutton and Lyell The Darwinian Revolution The Galapagos Refining the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Darwin versus Wallace? The Response to Darwin Science and Creationism INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: What Is Intelligent Design? Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingChapter 2: Genetics: Cells and Molecules Genetics The Study of Genetics Genetic Metaphors: Blueprints, Recipes, or What? The Cell Cell Anatomy INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Cloning Controversies DNA Structure and Function DNA Structure I: The Molecular Level DNA Function I: Replication DNA Function II: Protein Synthesis DNA Structure II: Chromosomes and Cell Division INNOVATIONS: The Wide World of RNA INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Biochemical Individuality Molecular Tools For Bioanthropological Research Indirect versus Direct Research Methods PCR, Mitochondrial DNA, and Ancient DNA Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingChapter 3: Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype From Genotype to Phenotype The ABO Blood Type System Obesity: A Complex Interaction Mendelian Genetics Mendel's Postulates Linkage and Crossing Over Mutation Point Mutation and Sickle Cell Disease Trinucleotide Repeat Diseases Mutations: Bad, Neutral, and Good X-Linked Disorders Mendelian Genetics in Humans Genetics Beyond Mendel INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Popular Mendelism and the Shadow of Eugenics Polygenic Traits, the Phenotype, and the Environment Heritability and IQ Test Score Performance Phenylketonuria: Illustrating Mendelian and Post-Mendelian Concepts Genes and Environments Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingChapter 4: The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species How Evolution Works Where Does Variation Come From? How Natural Selection Works Other Ways by Which Evolution Happens Classification and Evolution Taxonomy and Speciation What Is a Species? A Guide to Species Concepts Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms The Origin of Species: How Species Are Formed INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: What's in a Name? Species Concepts, Genetics, and Con-servation The Tempo of Speciation Adaptation Is Everything Adaptive? Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Levels of Selection Inclusive Fitness Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingChapter 5: Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability Human Variation at the Individual and Group Level What Is a Population? Historical Perspectives on Human Variation Recording Human Variation in Past Civilizations The Monogenism-Polygenism Debate Race and Racism in the Twentieth Century Changing Attitudes toward Race in Anthropology Deconstructing Racial Features Population Genetics Polymorphisms: ABO and Other Blood Type Systems Gene Flow and Protein Polymorphisms Polymorphisms and Phylogenetic Studies Polymorphisms and Natural Selection in Human Populations The Evolution of Lactose Tolerance Balanced Polymorphisms: Sickle-Cell and Other Conditions Adaptation and Adaptability Levels of Adaptability Heat and Cold INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Technology and Extreme Environments Body Size and Shape Living at High Altitude Skin Color Adaptability to Water Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingPart II: PrimatesChapter 6: The Primates The Primate Radiation The Extraordinary Diversity of Nonhuman Primates What Exactly Is a Primate? Anatomical Traits Life History Traits Behavioral Traits: Activity and Sociality A Guide to the Nonhuman Primates The Strepsirhines The Haplorhines INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Rarest of the Rare The New World Monkeys The Old World Monkeys The Hominoids INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Impending Extinction of the Great Apes? Primate Ecology The Cycles of a Tropical Forest You Are What You Eat: Dietary and Digestive Strategies Diet and Feeding Competition Territories and Ranges Predation Primate Communities Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingChapter 7: Primate Behavior Studying Primates The Evolution of Primate Social Behavior Social Behavior and Reproductive Asymmetry Male Reproductive Strategies Female Reproductive Strategies Why Are Nonhuman Primates Social? The Paradox of Sociality INNOVATIONS: Culture in Nonhuman Primates Types of Nonhuman Primate Societies INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Infanticide Wars INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Are Chimpanzees from Mars and Bonobos from Venus? Reconstructing the Evolution of Primate Societies Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingPart III: Paleontology and Primate EvolutionChapter 8: Fossils in Geological Context How to Become a Fossil The Importance of Context Stratigraphy The Geologic Time Scale How Old Is It? Relative Dating Techniques Calibrated Relative Dating Techniques INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Piltdown Hoax Chronometric Dating Techniques INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Dating Controversies INNOVATIONS: Time in a Bottle The Earth in the Cenozoic Continents and Land Masses The Environment in the Cenozoic Overview of Climatic Changes during the Cenozoic Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingChapter 9: Origin of Primates The Mesozoic and Beyond Dawn of the Age of Mammals The Crater of Doom: What Happened at the K-T Boundary? Changes in the Paleocene: The Origin of Primates? Why Primates? Early Primates of the Eocene Adapoids (Strepsirhine Ancestors) Omomyoids (Haplorhine Ancestors) Continental Drift and Eocene Primates INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Subfossil Lemurs of Madagascar Selective Pressures Favoring the Strepsirhine-Haplorhine Split Evolution of Higher Primates The First Monkeys? New World Monkeys Old World Monkeys What Favored the Origin of Anthropoids? The Earliest Apes Selection Pressures and the Divergence of Monkeys and Apes The Monkey's Tale: What Happened to Primate Diversity in the Miocene? Molecular Evolution in Primates A Primate Molecular Phylogeny Molecular Phylogeny and Human Origins Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingChapter 10: Becoming Human: The Ape-Hominin Transition Becoming a Biped Anatomical Changes Constructing the Bipedal Body Plan Locomotion of the Last Common Ancestor Why Bipeds? INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Overheated Radiator? The Transition to Human Behavior Primate Intelligence: Why Are Human Brains Big? What Made Humans Human? Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingPart IV: The Human Fossil RecordChapter 11: Early Hominins Will You Know a Hominin When You See One? INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: A Rose by Any Other Name: Hominins versus Hominins The First Hominins? Sahelanthropus tchadensis Orrorin tugenensis Ardipithecus ramidus and Ardipithecus kadabba INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Treasures of the Afar Triangle Australopithecus and Kin Australopithecus anamensis Australopithecus afarensis INNOVATIONS: Dikika and Development Australopithecus bahrelghazali Kenyanthropus platyops Australopithecus garhi Australopithecus africanus The Robust Australopithecines (or Paranthropines) Understanding the Australopithecine Radiation Cohabitation Tools and Intelligence Ancestors and Descendants Questions for Future Paleoanthropologists Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingChapter 12: Rise of The Genus Homo Defining the Genus Homo Earliest Genus Homo Early Tool Use Hunting and Scavenging INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Understanding the Meat-Eating Past through the Pre-sent Who Was Homo erectus? Anatomical Features Homo erectus versus Homo ergaster Homo erectus around the World African Origins The First African Diaspora: Republic of Georgia Dispersal into East Asia The Status of Homo erectus in Europe The Lifeways of Homo erectus Homo erectus and the Early Stone Age A Higher-Quality Diet: Homo erectus Subsistence Homo erectus Life History INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: What's Size Got to Do with It? Homo erectus Leaves Africa Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingChapter 13: Archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertals Hominin Evolution in the Middle to Late Pleistocene Defining Anatomically Modern Homo sapiens Archaic Homo sapiens European Archaic Homo sapiens African Archaic Homo sapiens Asian Archaic Homo sapiens Behavior of Archaic Homo sapiens Stone Tools Biodegradable Tools Big Game Hunting Fire, Campsites, and Home Sites The Neandertals Geographic and Temporal Distribution History of Neandertal Discovery INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Neandertal Image Makeovers Neandertal Anatomy and DNA Growth and Development Health and Disease INNOVATIONS: Neandertal Genes Neandertal Behavior Material Culture Coping with Cold Hunting and Subsistence Cannibalism Burials Ritual and Symbolic Behavior Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Issues: An Overview Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingChapter 14: The Emergence and Dispersal of Homo sapiens The Emergence of Modern Humans Models of Modern Human Origins Multiregional and Replacement Models Predictions of the Two Models Anatomy and Distribution of Early Humans Africa Near East Europe Asia and Southeast Asia Australia INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Little People of Flores Archaeology of Modern Human Origins Stone and Other Tools Subsistence Symbolism Settlement of the New World and Pacific Islands Molecular Genetics and Human Origins INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The "Vitamin D Line" Mitochondrial DNA The Y Chromosome MRCAs for Nuclear Genes Ancient DNA Interpreting Models of Human Origins Paleontology and Archaeology Molecular Genetics Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingPart V: New Frontiers in Biological AnthropologyChapter 15: Evolution of the Brain and Language Issues in Hominin Brain Evolution Brain Size and Encephalization Brain Size and the Fossil Record Brain Reorganization INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Ten-Percent Myth: Evolution and Energy Language: Biology and Evolution The Evolution of Grammar Language in the Brain Language in the Throat Language Ability and the Fossil Record INNOVATIONS: Music, the Brain, and Evolution INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Ape Language Studies Scenarios of Language Evolution Brain Size, Language, and Intelligence Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingChapter 16: Biomedical Anthropology Epidemiology: Basic Tools For Biomedical Anthropology Rates: Mortality, Incidence, and Prevalence Epidemiological Transitions Biocultural and Evolutionary Approaches to Disease The Biocultural Approach The Evolutionary Approach Birth, Growth, and Aging Human Childbirth Patterns of Human Growth Stages of Human Growth The Secular Trend in Growth Menarche and Menopause Aging Infectious Disease and Biocultural Evolution Human Behavior and the Spread of Infectious Disease INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Kuru, Cannibalism, and Prion Diseases Infectious Disease and the Evolutionary Arms Race Diet and Disease The Paleolithic Diet Agriculture and Nutritional Deficiency Agriculture and Abundance: Thrifty and Nonthrifty Genotypes Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingChapter 17: The Evolution of Human Behavior Studying the Evolution of Human Behavior The Evolution of Human Behavior: Four Approaches Behavioral Patterns and Evolution Traditional Lives in Evolutionary Ecological Perspective Quantification in Evolutionary Ecological Research Hunting, Gathering, and the Sexual Division of Labor Sexual Selection and Human Behavior Risk-Taking Behavior Inbreeding Avoidance and Incest Taboos Language-Related Cross-Cultural Behaviors Motherese or Infant-Directed Speech Basic Color Terms INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Reading, Writing, and Evolution Behavioral Disease Depression and Natural Selection Schizophrenia Psychoactive Substance Use and Abuse Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingChapter 18: Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology Life, Death, and the Skeleton Field Recovery Methods Laboratory Processing, Curation, and Chain of Custody The Biological Profile Age at Death Sex Ancestry Height and Weight INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Ancestry Genetics Premortem Injury and Disease Taphonomy Perimortem Trauma Postmortem Trauma DNA, Kinship, and Identity Identification and Forensic Anthropology INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Genghis Khan Effect Time Since Death Antemortem Records and Positive IDs Facial Reconstruction Applications of Bioarchaeology Mortuary Archaeology Biocultural Evolution of Health and Disease Activity Patterns and Subsistence Change Applications of Forensic Anthropology Mass Fatalities War Dead War Crimes and Genocide Epilogue Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested ReadingAPPENDIX A Overview of the Brain APPENDIX B Primate and Human Comparative Anatomy APPENDIX C The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium APPENDIX D Metric-Imperial Conversions Glossary Bibliography Photo Credits Index