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The wind power development policy community faces a conundrum. On the one hand, as the most commercially viable form of utility-scale renewable energy, the wind power industry has experienced in excess of ten-fold growth in total installed capacity over the past decade. On the other hand, installed wind power capacity still accounts for less than 2% of global electricity-generation capacity, despite the prevalence of studies indicating that, in certain situations, wind power can be a cheaper form of electricity than most fossil fuel alternatives. Accordingly, the most puzzling aspect of wind power development policy can be summed up in the following manner: given the global imperative to facilitate an expedient transition away from CO2-intensive energy technologies and the commercial viability of wind power, what is stopping the wind power industry from capturing higher market shares around the world?
In Wind Power Politics and Policy, Scott Valentine examines this question from two angles. First, it presents an analysis of social, technical, economic and political (STEP) barriers which research shows tends to stymie wind power development. Case studies which examine phlegmatic wind power development in Japan, Taiwan, Australia and Canada are presented in order to demonstrate to the reader how these barriers manifest themselves in practice. Second, the book presents an analysis of STEP catalysts which have been linked to successful growth of wind power capacity in select nations. Four more case studies that examine the successful development of wind power in Denmark, Germany, the USA and China are put forth as practical examples of how supportive factors conflate to produce conditions that are conducive to growth of wind power markets. By examining its impediments and catalysts, the book will provide policymakers with insight into the types of factors that must be effectively managed in order to maximize wind power development.
Contents
Table of Contents ; CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: THE GLOBAL IMPERATIVE ; 1.1 THE GLOBAL IMPERATIVE ; 1. 2 ENERGY AND THE GLOBAL IMPERATIVE ; 1. 3 ELECTRICITY AND THE GLOBAL IMPERATIVE ; 1.3.1 Electricity Generation Technologies ; 1.3.2 The Dynamics of Electricity Prices ; 1.4 ENERGY MARKET CHANGE & INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS ; 1.4.1 Convergence and Alternative Energy ; 1.4.2 The Need for Speed ; 1.5 ENERGY MARKET CHANGE & DEVELOPING NATIONS ; 1.5.1 Economic Considerations ; 1.5.2 Economic Security Considerations ; 1.5.3 Economic Empowerment ; 1.5.4 Social Considerations ; 1.5.5 The Need for Speed ; 1.6 WHEN FORCES FOR SPEED MEET THE NEED FOR SPEED ; 1.7 THE DICHOTOMY OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ; 1.8 OBJECTIVES AND OUTLINE OF THIS BOOK ; CHAPTER 2: UNDERSTANDING WIND POWER SYSTEMS ; 2.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING WIND POWER SYSTEMS ; 2.2 FEATURES OF WIND POWER SYSTEMS ; 2.2.1 Main Components of a Wind System ; 2.2.2 Innovation and Cost ; 2.2.3 Delivering Wind Power to the Grid ; 2.3 WIND POWER MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES ; 2.3.1 The Challenge of Matching Supply and Demand ; 2.3.2 Stochastic flows ; 2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS AND REALITIES ; 2.5 IMPAIRMENT OF EXISTING COMMUNITY ENDOWMENTS ; 2.5.1 Separating Perception from Fact ; 2.5.2 Perceptions Improve ; 2.5.3 Aesthetic Concerns Overshadow All Others ; 2.5.4 Beyond NIMBY Opposition ; 2.5.5 Overall Lessons in Regard to Community Opposition ; 2.5.6 Government Agency Opposition ; 2.6 IMPAIRMENT OF EXISTING ECOSYSTEMS ; 2.6.1 Bird Mortality ; 2.6.2 The Challenge of Estimating Bird Mortality ; 2.6.3 Degradation of Animal Habitat ; 2.6.4 Offshore Wind Farms and Ecological Concerns ; 2.6.5 The Importance of Environmental Impact Assessments ; 2.6.6 Aesthetics ; 2.7 CONCLUSION ; CHAPTER 3: THE POLICY SET MODEL ; 3.1 THE VALUE OF A COMMON ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK ; 3.2 THE SEAMLESS WEB ; 3.3 COMPLEX ADAPTIVE MARKET THEORY IN WIND POWER MARKET ANALYSIS ; 3.4 STEP ANALYSIS ; 3.5 THE POLITICAL SET MODEL ; 3.6 THE POLITICAL SET MODEL AND THE CASE STUDIES ; 3.7 TYING THEORY TO THE POLITICAL SET MODEL ; Chapter 4: Wind Power in Denmark ; 4.1 INTRODUCTION ; 4.2 AN OVERVIEW OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN DENMARK ; 4.3 HISTORY OF WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT IN DENMARK ; 4.4 UNDERSTANDING THE GENERAL FORCES FOR CHANGE ; 4.4.1 Socio-Cultural Landscape ; 4.4.2 Economic landscape ; 4.4.3 Technological landscape ; 4.5 INFLUENCES ON GOVERNMENT POLICY ; 4.5.1 Socio-Cultural a Political ; 4.5.2 Economic a Political ; 4.5.3 Technological a Political ; 4.6 POLITICAL INFLUENCES ON POLICY ; 4.6.1 National political structure ; 4.6.2 Governing party ideology ; 4.6.3 Fiscal health ; 4.6.4 Policy regime ; 4.7 THE CULMINATION OF INFLUENCES ; 4.8 WHAT TO EXPECT GOING FORWARD ; Chapter 5: Wind Power in Germany ; 5.1 INTRODUCTION ; 5.2 AN OVERVIEW OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN GERMANY ; 5.3 HISTORY OF WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT IN GERMANY ; 5.4 UNDERSTANDING THE GENERAL FORCES FOR CHANGE ; 5.4.1 Socio-Cultural Landscape ; 5.4.2 Economic landscape ; 5.4.3 Technological landscape ; 5.5 INFLUENCES ON GOVERNMENT POLICY ; 5.5.1 Socio-Cultural a Political ; 5.5.2 Economic a Political ; 5.5.3 Technological a Political ; 5.6 POLITICAL INFLUENCES ON POLICY ; 5.6.1 National political structure ; 5.6.2 Governing party ideology ; 5.6.3 Fiscal health ; 5.6.4 Policy regime ; 5.7 THE CULMINATION OF INFLUENCES ; 5.8 WHAT TO EXPECT GOING FORWARD ; Chapter 6: Wind Power in China ; 6.1 INTRODUCTION ; 6.2 AN OVERVIEW OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN CHINA ; 6.3 HISTORY OF WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA ; 6.4 UNDERSTANDING THE GENERAL FORCES FOR CHANGE ; 6.4.1 Socio-Cultural Landscape ; 6.4.2 Economic landscape ; 6.4.3 Technological landscape ; 6.5 INFLUENCES ON GOVERNMENT POLICY ; 6.5.1 Socio-Cultural a Political ; 6.5.2 Economic a Political ; 6.5.3 Technological a Political ; 6.6 POLITICAL INFLUENCES ON POLICY ; 6.6.1 National political structure ; 6.6.2 Governing party ideology ; 6.6.3 Fiscal health ; 6.6.4 Policy regime ; 6.7 THE CULMINATION OF INFLUENCES ; 6.8 WHAT TO EXPECT GOING FORWARD ; Chapter 7: Wind Power in the United States ; 7.1 INTRODUCTION ; 7.2 AN OVERVIEW OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN THE USA ; 7.3 HISTORY OF WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT IN THE USA ; 7.4 UNDERSTANDING THE GENERAL FORCES FOR CHANGE ; 7.4.1 Socio-Cultural Landscape ; 7.4.2 Economic landscape ; 7.4.3 Technological landscape ; 7.5 INFLUENCES ON GOVERNMENT POLICY ; 7.5.1 Socio-Cultural a Political ; 7.5.2 Economic a Political ; 7.5.3 Technological a Political ; 7.6 POLITICAL INFLUENCES ON POLICY ; 7.6.1 National political structure ; 7.6.2 Governing party ideology ; 7.6.3 Fiscal health ; 7.6.4 Policy regime ; 7.7 THE CULMINATION OF INFLUENCES ; 7.7.1 Political a Socio-cultural ; 7.7.2 Political a Economic ; 7.7.3 Political a Technological ; 7.8 WHAT TO EXPECT GOING FORWARD ; Chapter 8: Wind Power in Canada ; 8.1 INTRODUCTION ; 8.2 AN OVERVIEW OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN CANADA ; 8.3 HISTORY OF WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT IN CANADA ; 8.4 UNDERSTANDING THE GENERAL FORCES FOR CHANGE ; 8.4.1 Socio-Cultural Landscape ; 8.4.2 Economic landscape ; 8.4.3 Technological landscape ; 8.5 INFLUENCES ON GOVERNMENT POLICY ; 8.5.1 Socio-Cultural a Political ; 8.5.2 Economic a Political ; 8.5.3 Technological a Political ; 8.6 POLITICAL INFLUENCES ON POLICY ; 8.6.1 National political structure ; 8.6.2 Governing party ideology ; 8.6.3 Fiscal health ; 8.6.4 Policy regime ; 8.7 THE CULMINATION OF INFLUENCES ; 8.7.1 Political a Socio-cultural ; 8.7.2 Political a Economic ; 8.7.3 Political a Technological ; 8.8 WHAT TO EXPECT GOING FORWARD ; Chapter 9: Wind Power in Japan ; 9.1 INTRODUCTION ; 9.2 AN OVERVIEW OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN JAPAN ; 9.3 HISTORY OF WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT IN JAPAN ; 9.4 UNDERSTANDING THE GENERAL FORCES FOR CHANGE ; 9.4.1 Socio-Cultural Landscape ; 9.4.2 Economic landscape ; 9.4.3 Technological landscape ; 9.5 INFLUENCES ON GOVERNMENT POLICY ; 9.5.1 Socio-Cultural a Political ; 9.5.2 Economic a Political ; 9.5.3 Technological a Political ; 9.6 POLITICAL INFLUENCES ON POLICY ; 9.6.1 National political structure ; 9.6.2 Governing party ideology ; 9.6.3 Fiscal health ; 9.6.4 Policy regime ; 9.7 THE CULMINATION OF INFLUENCES ; 9.7.1 Political a Socio-cultural ; 9.7.2 Political a Economic ; 9.7.3 Political a Technological ; 9.8 WHAT TO EXPECT GOING FORWARD ; Chapter 10: Strategic Control over Wind Power Development Policy ; 10.1 INTRODUCTION ; 10.2 INFLUENTIAL SOCIAL FACTORS ; 10.3 INFLUENTIAL TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ; 10.4 INFLUENTIAL ECONOMIC FACTORS ; 10.5 INFLUENTIAL POLITICAL FACTORS ; 10.6 CONCLUDING THOUGHTS ; Chapter 11: Applied Policymaking ; 11.1 POLICY FORMULATION ; 11.2 UNDERSTANDING SYSTEM DYNAMICS ; 11.2.1 Economics is Still King ; 11.2.2 Chain Reactions Can Be Partially Managed ; 11.2.3 Favorable Conditions Still Need to Be Managed ; 11.2.4 First Mover Advantages Exist ; 11.2.4 Public Opposition Trumps Economic Impediments at High Levels of Installed Capacity ; 11.3 POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING ESSENTIALS ; 11.3.1 Malleability ; 11.3.2 Transparency and Broad Participation ; 11.3.3 Strategic Balance ; 11.3.4 Evolutionary Mindset ; 11.4 AVENUES OF FURTHER RESEARCH AND CONCLUSION
