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基本説明
Provides a number of recommendations and policy prescriptions to address the unique set of development issues faced by countries reliant on only a handful of commodities for export earnings.
Full Description
More than 50 developing countries depend on three or fewer commodities for more than half of their exports and, in fact, many rely on a single commodity for a large share of export earnings. This reliance inevitability exposes countries to the risk of export earnings instability as a result of price shocks and, perhaps even more significantly, the falling purchasing power of exports over the long run due to declining real prices. Presenting for the first time a complete analysis of the issues surrounding commodity prices and development, this book is the culmination of three years of research commissioned by the Commonwealth Secretariat to look at various aspects of commodity prices.
The problems faced by commodity dependent developing countries are formidable. Although diversification is the most appropriate response to the problem of the secular decline in commodity prices, long-term transformation in the economy can be a slow process and its success will depend on a host of factors such as the development of human resources, institutional capacity building, poverty alleviation, and appropriate domestic policy and environment. By granting increased aid flows and debt relief, and providing assistance to encourage production of non-traditional export items, the international community can play a proactive role in the development of the commodity dependent poor countries. Only concerted efforts both at the domestic fronts of these countries and via co-operation extended by the international community can help mitigate the problems of the world's most vulnerable economies.
Contents
Introduction ; THE ISSUE OF DECLINING COMMODITY PRICES ; 1. The Problems of Commodity Dependence ; 2. Secular Decline in Relative Commodity Prices: A Brief Review of the Literature ; 3. Long-run Trend in the Relative Price: Empirical Estimation for Individuals and Commodities ; 4. Analysis of Movements in the Productivity and Prices of Selected Tropical Commodities in Developing Countries, 1970-2002 ; 5. Commodity Value Chains Compression- Coffee, Cocoa, and Sugar ; THE IMPLICATIONS OF DECLINING COMMODITY PRICES ; 6. Estimating Foreign Exchange Loss Dut to Declining Commodity Prices ; 7. Marginalisation of LDCs and Small Vunerable States in World Trade ; MITIGATING THE IMPACTS OF COMMODITY DEPENDENT COUNTRIES ; 8. Instruments for Addressing Commodity Price Behaviour ; 9. Commodity Prices and Debt Relief Initiative ; 10. Aid Flows and Commodity Prices
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