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Full Description
The electrical properties of materials are fundamental to many devices encountered in daily life and in today's industry, ranging from the semiconductors used in microelectronics to the dielectric materials in liquid crystal displays, the magnetic materials in the motors of electric cars and the superconducting materials in MRI scanners. All stem from the response of electrons to electric and magnetic fields.
This book explains the phenomena, reviews the best materials, and presents the most relevant applications. The behaviour of electrons in atoms, liquids, solids, and periodic crystals is described, and the possibilities of new artificial materials are discussed. In themselves, electrons are intriguing, sometimes displaying particle-type and other times wave-type behaviour. Full understanding of wave properties requires quantum mechanics, often seen as a barrier due to the unfamiliarity of the concepts involved and the complexity of the mathematical apparatus needed. A key aim is to overcome these difficulties. Underpinning theory is explained as simply as possible.
Classical and quantum mechanics are used as appropriate, in each case giving a full development and often presenting complementary viewpoints. Examples are presented in a comprehensive set of problems. This flexible approach allows full understanding both of fundamentals (for example, the properties of atoms in different columns of the periodic table) and of applications (the design of a new laser based on an artificially engineered band structure). The contents have been successfully refined over more than 50 years and are especially suitable for undergraduates and postgraduates in Materials and Electrical Engineering.
Contents
1: The electron as a particle
2: The electron as a wave
3: The electron
4: The hydrogen atom and the periodic table
5: Bonds
6: The free electron theory of metals
7: The band theory of solids
8: Semiconductors
9: Principles of semiconductor devices
10: Dielectric materials
11: Magnetic materials
12: Lasers
13: Optoelectronics
14: Superconductivity
15: Metamaterials
Epilogue
Appendix I: Organic semiconductors
Appendix II: Nobel laureates Appendix V: Thermoelectricity
Appendix III: Physical constants
Appendix IV: Variational calculus. Derivation of Euler s equation
Appendix V: Thermoelectricity
Appendix VI: Principles of the operation of computer memories
Appendix VII: Medical imaging
Appendix VIII: Suggestions for further reading
Answers to exercises
