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Full Description
What would our world today be like without inventions like tarmac, aspirin, liquid crystals, and barbed wire? This guide shows how patents and the inventions they describe have shaped the 21st century. It gives us insights into the inventions, big and small, that have had huge impacts, many unexpected, on multiple spheres of our lives, from popular culture and entertainment, to global health, to transportation, to the waging of war. It features patent documents that date from the mid-19th century to the present. Patent documents describe inventions and represent an accurate and rich source of information about the history and current state of modern technology, as patents are examined and their accuracy can be challenged.
The subject matter covers many technical areas. Patents discussed include, for example, Morse code, the diode, triode, transistors, television, frozen foods, ring-pull for soft drink cans, board games such as Monopoly, gene editing, metamaterials, MRI, computerised tomography, insulin, and monoclonal antibodies such as Herceptin. The text is illustrated with drawings adapted from the original patent documents. Patent numbers are included to allow interested readers to trace the documents. Inventions described in the patents are placed in historical perspective. For example, the book discusses the role of the cavity magnetron and radar in World War II, and the influence of the diode on the development of broadcasting at the beginning of the 20th century.
Contents
Preface: Facts, Alternative Facts and Patent Literature
1: Electric telegraph (1840)
2: Vulcanisation of rubber (1844)
3: Mauveine (1857)
4: Dynamite (1868)
5: Celluloid (1869)
6: Barbed wire (1874)
7: Gelignite (1875)
8: The telephone (1876)
9: Electric lamp (1880)
10: Alternating current motors (1888)
11: Diesel compressor engine (1896)
12: Acetylsalicylic acid (1900)
13: Wireless telegraphy (1901)
14: Tarmac (1904)
15: The diode (1905)
16: The triode (1907)
17: Haber-Bosch process (1910)
18: Cellophane (1918)
19: Insulin (1923)
20: Television (1924)
21: Frozen food (1930)
22: Monopoly (1935)
23: Polythene (1937)
24: Nylon (1938)
25: Xerography (1940)
26: Polytetrafluoroethylene (1941)
27: Frequency-hopping (1942)
28: Synthetic polymers: Terylene (1946)
29: Radar (1947)
30: Point-contact transistor (1947)
31: Semiconductor amplifier (1950)
32: Programmable stored-memory computer (1951)
33: Barcode (1952)
34: Cavity magnetron (1953)
35: Building construction (1954)
36: Cortisone (1956)
37: Contraceptive pill (1956)
38: Solar cells (1957)
39: The maser (1959)
40: Silicon chip: I. R.N. Noyce (1961)
41: Velcro (1961)
42: Lycra (1962)
43: Bouncing bomb (1963)
44: Silicon chip: II J.S. Kilby (1964)
45: Silicon chip: III. R.N. Noyce (1964)
46: Shape memory alloys (1965)
47: Light-emitting diodes (1966)
48: Ruby laser (1967)
49: Superalloys (1967)
50: Ring-pull (1967)
51: Silicon chip: IV. J.S. Kilby (1969)
52: Computer mouse (1970)
53: Quorn (1971)
54: Kevlar (1972)
55: Post-it notes (1972)
56: Computerised tomography (1973)
57: Cephalosporins (1973)
58: Charge-coupled device (1974)
59: Miniature electronic calculator (1974)
60: Antidepressants: fluoxetine (1977)
61: Artificial heart (1980)
62: Lithium-ion batteries (1981)
63: Monoclonal antibodies (1982)
64: RSA encryption (1983)
65: Recombinant DNA technology (1984)
66: Stereolithography (1986)
67: Polymerase chain reaction (1987)
68: Ceramic oxide superconductors (1988)
69: Digital compression (1988)
70: Cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals (1990)
71: Vancomycin (1992)
72: Magnetic resonance imaging (1992)
73: Personalised medicine (1992)
74: Organic light-emitting diodes (1993)
75: Fuel cells (1995)
76: Blue light-emitting diodes (1995)
77: Herceptin (trastuzumab) (1998)
78: Tencel (1998)
79: Three-dimensional printing (1998)
80: Automated DNA sequencing (1998)
81: Patenting genes (1998)
82: PageRank (2001)
83: Robotic surgery (2002)
84: Quantum computing (2003)
85: Flash memory (2004)
86: Hydrogels (2004)
87: Lithography (2008)
88: iPod (2008)
89: Hyaluronic acid (2008)
90: Wireless mesh networks (2008)
91: Polylactic acid (2009)
92: Electric vehicles (2009)
93: Biodiesel (2009)
94: Stem cells (2011)
95: Fibre optics (2013)
96: Drones (2014)
97: Graphene (2014)
98: Metamaterials (2017)
99: Gene editing (CRISPR) (2017)
100: Video streaming (2017)
