Full Description
In the current geopolitical environment, liberal democracies vie for influence and prosperity with autocratic governments, such as those of China and Russia. While the great powers do not shy away from using aggressive force, much of their rivalry today takes place below the threshold of armed conflict, in a conceptual and practical 'grey zone' between war and peace. Autocratic states operate in this grey zone to target the vulnerabilities of liberal democracies, creating hybrid threats that rely on instruments ranging from economic, diplomatic, legal, and informational pressure all the way to military coercion.
Law plays a critical role in this context. In the ethically and legally ambiguous grey zone, international law serves as a normative, yet malleable, framework within which geopolitical rivals compete. State and non-State actors invoke the law as the source of authority, while simultaneously hoping to shape the international legal order in their own strategic interests.
Hybrid Threats and Grey Zone Conflict offers the first in-depth assessment of the legal and ethical aspects of hybrid threats and grey zone conflict. It explores the responses available to democratic nations for countering hybrid and grey zone threats whilst adhering to liberal democratic values and the rule of law. Bringing together diverse scholarly and practitioner perspectives, the volume introduces readers to the conceptual and practical difficulties arising in this area, the rich debates the topic has generated, and the challenges that countering hybrid threats and grey zone conflict poses for liberal democracies. This volume is essential reading for anyone interested in learning more about contemporary forms of strategic competition below the threshold of open hostilities.
Contents
1. Introduction
Aurel Sari and Mitt Regan
I - WHAT ARE HYBRID THREATS AND GREY ZONE CONFLICT?
2. The Grey Zone and Hybrid Conflict: A Conceptual Introduction
Christopher Marsh
3. Grey Zone Conflict and Military Affairs: Questioning the Premise
Melanie W. Sisson
4. We Have Met the Grey Zone and He is Us: How Grey Zone Warfare Exploits Our Undecidedness about What Matters to Us
Duncan MacIntosh
5. Legal Aspects of Grey Zone and Hybrid Threats: A Primer
Hitoshi Nasu
6. The Divide between War and Peace
Tobias Vestner
7. Rethinking Coercion in Cyberspace
Ido Kilovaty
II - ARENAS OF HYBRID AND GREY ZONE COMPETITION
8. A Topography of Information-Based Foreign Influence
Beba Cibralic
9. In Pursuit of Geopolitical Advantage: Hacking Below the Threshold of War
Melissa K. Griffith
10. Lawfare, China, and the Grey Zone
Orde F. Kittrie
11. Emerging Bio-Technologies for Disruptive Effects in Grey Zone Engagements
Joseph DeFranco, Diane DiEuliis, L. R. Bremseth, and James Giordano
12. The Maritime Domain
David Letts
13. The Evolving Chinese Strategy in the Arctic: Entering the Grey Zone?
Camilla T. N. Sørensen
14. Hybrid and Grey Zone Operations in Outer Space
Melissa de Zwart
III - INSTRUMENTS, TACTICS, AND METHODS IN THE GREY ZONE
15. Decoding Grey Zone Environments
Andrés B. Muñoz Mosquera and Nikoleta Chalanouli
16. Coercing Well: The Logic, Grammar, and Norms of the Grey Zone
C. Anthony Pfaff
17. Lying in the Grey Zone
Steven Wheatley
18. Rethinking the International Law of Interference in the Digital Age
Steven J. Barela and Samuli Haataja
19. Trapped in the Grey Zone: International Law Applicable to Non-State Actors
Agata Kleczkowska
20. From Red Scare to Red Scare, Grey Zone to Grey Zone: Weaponizing Dissent and Civil Society
Tyler Wentzell and Barbara J. Falk
21. A Grey Zone Analytic Framework for Military Operations
Maegen Nix and Welton Chang
IV - COUNTERING HYBRID AND GREY ZONE THREATS: HOW CAN LIBERAL DEMOCRACIES RESPOND?
22. An Ethical Framework for Assessing Grey Zone Responses
Ed Barrett
23. Winning at the Strategic Seams
Michael A. Newton
24. Legal Resilience: Just a Warm and Fuzzy Concept?
Aurel Sari
25. How to Involve Civil Society in Grey Zone Defence
Elisabeth Braw
26. Security Assistance by Liberal Democracies: Tensions in the Grey Zone
Mitt Regan & Sarah Harrison
27. The Practice of Legal Resilience: Insights from the Maritime Incident of 31 May 2010
Marlene Mazel
28. Legal Resilience from a Finnish Perspective
Tiina Ferm
29. The Path to Legal Resilience
Andrés B. Muñoz Mosquera, Jean Emmanuel Perrin, Panagiotis Sergis, Rodrigo Vázquez Benítez, and Borja Montes Toscano
