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Overcoming the Oppressors traces southern Africa's long walk to freedom, the overturning of colonial rule in the northern territories, and the dissolution of backs-to-the-wall white settler suzerainty, first in what became Zimbabwe and then in South Africa. Chapters on the individual countries detail the stages along their sometimes complicated and tortuous struggle to attain the political New Zion. Rotberg explains how and why the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland failed, how and why apartheid eventually collapsed, and exactly how the various components of this heavily white conquered, and later white oppressed, domain transitioned via diverse fits and starts into today's assemblage of proud, politically charged, and still mostly fragmented nation-states.
But what did the new republics make of their hard-won freedoms? Having liberated themselves successfully, several soon dismantled democratic safeguards, established effective single-party states, closed their economies, deprived citizens of human rights and civil liberties, and exchanged economic progress for varieties of central planning experiments and stunted forms of protected economic endeavors. Only Botswana, of the new entities, embraced full democracy and good governance. The others, even South Africa, at first tightly regimented their economies and attempted to severely limit the degrees of economic freedom and social progress that citizens could enjoy. Corruption prevailed everywhere except Botswana. Today, as the chapters on contemporary southern Africa reveal, most of the southern half of the African continent is returning, if sometimes struggling, to the patterns of probity and good governance that many countries abandoned in the decades after independence.
Contents
Preface
I "Partnership" and Multiracialism in the New Africa
II Consummating Zambian Nationhood
III King Cobra and Other Menaces: Zambia Banishes Autocracy
IV The Hijacking of Malawi: Banda's One-Man Rule
V Promises, Promises: Modern Malawi Seeks Prosperity and Plenty Through Pot
VI Mandela's Triumph: The Liberating of South Africa
VII Surviving State Capture: the Path Forward
VIII Botswana: Africa's Democratic Exception
IX The Promise of Democracy Lost: Zimbabwe
X Namibia: Throwing Off the Long Yoke
XI Leaders of Integrity Conquer Africa's Consummate Challenges
Acknowledgements
Notes
For Further Reading
Maps Prepared by Dylan A. Gattey
Southern Africa
Zambia and Malawi
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Botswana and Namibia
Portraits By Joanna G. Cloutier
Kenneth Kaunda
Kamuzu Banda
Nelson Mandela
Desmond Tutu
Thabo Mbeki
Seretse Khama
Robert Mugabe
Helen Suzman
Nthato Motlana
Jacob Zuma
Nthato Motlana
Jacob Zuma
