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Full Description
If you tune into televised newscasts or read any newspaper, it is impossible to ignore the increased polarization of political discussion. These news reports are supported by empirical research documenting increases in social and political polarization. Polarization is not completely undesirable, as differences between groups can contribute to a vibrant democratic life in which alternative solutions to social problems are fully explored. However, polarization can also produce dysfunctional outcomes, including sub-optimal decision-making processes within groups and a lower likelihood that competing groups are able to resolve differences. Extreme forms of polarization are presumably exacerbated by dogmatic or closed-minded thinking that fails to openly consider the viability of opposing viewpoints, as well as low levels of intellectual humility in which people rarely consider the possibility that their own beliefs and opinions might be fallible. This volume aims to increase the understanding of open-mindedness and dogmatism, illuminate the nature and causes of polarization, and provide clues regarding how one might attempt to reduce pernicious forms of polarization.
Bringing together a diverse group of leading psychologists, political scientists, sociologists, and communication scholars who investigate dogmatism and open-mindedness within social and political contexts, Divided: Open-Mindedness and Dogmatism in a Polarized World covers a wide range of topics including key definitions of dogmatism and open-mindedness, the emergence of affective polarization, how open-mindedness relates to attitude formation and change, the correspondence between intellectual humility and open-mindedness, and how social norms and situations shape open-minded cognition. Authors consider both the beneficial and more problematic features of open-mindedness, dogmatism, and polarization. Collectively, this volume provides a format that enables readers to learn about creative approaches to understanding dogmatism and open-mindedness and, potentially, to generate innovative solutions that reduce polarization and increase constructive social compromise in the future.
Contents
I. DEFINING AND UNDERSTANDING OPEN-MINDEDNESS, DOGMATISM, AND POLARIZATION
1. Open-Mindedness and Dogmatism in a Polarized World: Core Concepts and Definitions
Victor Ottati, Chadly Stern, Whinda Yustisia, and Lori D. Bougher
2. Identity Strength Leads to Out-Group Animus and Polarization
Shanto Iyengar and Matthew DeBell
II. OPEN AND CLOSED-MINDED PROCESSING: ATTITUDE FORMATION AND CHANGE
3. Attitudes in a Polarized World: Sociological and Psychological Processes of Reinforcement of Social and Political Worldviews
Angelita Repetto and Dolores Albarracín
4. Openness and Persuasion: Multiple Processes, Meanings, and Outcomes
Pablo Briñol and Richard E. Petty
III. INTELLECTUAL HUMILITY AND OPEN-MINDEDNESS
5. Links Between Intellectual Humility and Open-Mindedness: Does Strength of Belief Matter?
Elizabeth J. Krumrei-Mancuso and Everett L. Worthington, Jr.
6. Forms of Intellectual Humility and Their Associations with Features of Knowledge, Beliefs, and Opinions
Rick H. Hoyle and Erin K. Davisson
IV. NORMATIVE STANDARDS AND OPEN-MINDEDNESS: OPEN-MINDED COGNITION AND ACTIVELY OPEN-MINDED THINKING
7. Situation-Specific Open-Minded Cognition: Scale Validation and Incremental Effects of Person and Situation
Victor Ottati, Chase Wilson, Devon Price, Yelvzaveta Distefano, and Fred B. Bryant
8. The Role of Group Context in Open-Minded Cognition
Salma Moaz, Kelsey Berryman, Jeremy R. Winget, R. Scott Tindale, and Victor Ottati
9. Actively Open-Minded Thinking and the Political Effects of Its Absence
Jonathan Baron, Ozan Isler, and Onurcan Y?lmaz
V. IDEOLOGY, AUTHORITARIANISM, AND DOGMATISM
10. Persistent Problems With the Conceptualization, Measurement, and Study of "Left-Wing Authoritarianism"
Benjamin A. Saunders and John. T. Jost
11. New Evidence On an Enduring Question: The Role of Political Ideology and Extremism in Dogmatic Thinking
Chadly Stern and Benjamin C. Ruisch
VI. DOGMATISM AND OPEN-MINDEDNESS: THE INTERPLAY OF AFFECT, MOTIVATION, AND COGNITION
12. Open-Mindedness and Dogmatism in a Darwinian world: The Roles of Affective Appraisals Over Time and Circumstance
George E. Marcus
13. Feeling Open or Closed-Minded: The Role of Affective Feelings in the Closing or Opening of the Mind
Akila Raoul and Jeffrey R. Huntsinger
14. Terror Management, Dogmatism, and Open-Mindedness
Dylan E. Horner, Alex Sielaff, Sheldon Solomon, and Jeff Greenberg
