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Full Description
Politics decides who gets what and how. At the most elemental level, food has, for most of our history, been intensely political: who gets to eat what, how often, and through what means of acquisition or entitlement? The scale of the polity in question has shifted over time, from very local divisions to that of the international community imagined in the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations. Simultaneously, the numbers and factional interests of people asserting political stakes in food and agriculture have likewise shifted up and out. For example, Europeans have used a variety of policy and social-movement tactics to influence what Africans eat; American diplomats have applied pressure to delegitimize European political choices about what not to eat; and conflicts over safety regulations have muddied the line between agricultural protectionism and justifiable precaution in confronting novel foods. As an object of governmentality, food has never been so prominent.
The thirty-five chapters in this handbook confront three major themes in the political regulation of food: ecology, technology and property. Following Ronald J. Herring's editorial introduction, the first section examines power struggles over knowledge and authority in food technology and production: who gets to be the voice of authority in agricultural research and scientific knowledge; who decides the best ways to alleviate hunger in poor countries; and who decides issues of food safety and nutritional standards. The second section addresses the political economy of food production: land power and production; distribution and trade; land reform; food entitlements and welfare policy; agricultural subsidies; and agribusiness. The third section looks at agriculture and the environment: ecological approaches to agricultural development; sustainable farming; biotechnology; climate change; livestock; and wild foods. The fourth section addresses food politics and global civil society: global food systems; cultural debates over genetically modified foods; food safety; food labeling; the politics of grocery shopping; regulation of biotechnology; and coexistence of GM, organic and conventional crops. The fifth and final section looks at food movements and the frontiers of food politics: global food movements; organic farming as a transnational phenomenon; the intersection of local and global food narratives; the agrifood industry in developing countries; the agricultural land rush; and agricultural futures.
Contents
List of Contributors Introduction: Food, Politics, and Society 1. How is Food Political? Market, State, and Knowledge Ronald J. Herring Part I Production: Technology, Knowledge, and Politics 2. Science, Politics, and the Framing of Modern Agricultural Technologies John Harriss, Drew Stewart 3. Genetically Improved Crops Martina Newell-McGloughlin 4. Agroecological Intensification of Smallholder Farming Rebecca Nelson, Richard Coe 5. The Hardest Case: What Blocks Improvements in Agriculture in Africa? Robert L. Paarlberg 6. The Poor, Malnutrition, Biofortification, and Biotechnology Alexander Stein 7. Biofuels: Competition for Land, Resources, and Political Subsidies David Pimentel, Michael Burgess 8. Alternative Paths to Food Security Norman Uphoff Part II Normative Knowledge: Ethics, Rights, and Distributive Justice 9. Ethics of Food Production and Consumption Michiel Korthals 10. Food, Justice, and Land Saturnino M. Borras Jr., Jennifer C. Franco 11. Food Security, Productivity, and Gender Inequality Bina Agarwal 12. Delivering Food Subsidy: The State and the Market Ashok Kotwal, Bharat Ramaswami 13. Diets, Nutrition, and Poverty: Lessons from India Raghav Gaiha, Raghbendra Jha, Vani S. Kulkarni, Nidhi Kaicker 14. Food Price and Trade Policy Biases: Inefficient, Inequitable, yet not Inevitable Kym Anderson 15. Intellectual Property Rights and the Politics of Food Krishna Ravi Srinivas 16. Is Food the Answer to Malnutrition David E. Sahn Part III Nature: Food, Agriculture, and the Environment 17. Fighting Mother Nature with Biotechnology Alan McHughen 18. Climate Change and Agriculture: Countering Doomsday Scenarios Derrill D. Watson II 19. Wild Foods Jules Pretty, Zareen Bharucha 20. Livestock in the Food Debate Purvi Mehta-Bhatt, Paolo Ficarelli 21. The Social Vision of the Alternative Food Movement Siddhartha Shome Part IV Food Values: Ideas, Interests, and Culture 22. Food Values Beyond Nutrition Ann Grodzins Gold 23. Cultural Politics of Food Safety: Genetically Modified Food in Japan, France, and the United States Kyoko Sato 24. Food Safety Bruce Chassy 25. The Politics of Food Labeling and Certification Emily Clough 26. The Politics of Grocery Shopping: Eating, Voting, and (Possibly) Transforming the Food System Josee Johnston, Norah MacKendrick 27. The Political Economy of Regulation of Biotechnology in Agriculture Gregory D. Graff, Gal Hochman, David Zilberman 28. Coexistence in the Fields? GM, Organic, and Conventional Food Crops Janice Thies Part V Global Meets Local: Contestations, Movements, and Expertise 29. Global Movements for Food Justice M. Jahi Chappell 30. The Rise of the Organic Foods Movement as a Transnational Phenomenon Tomas Larsson 31. Global Meets Local in Food Narratives: The Case of the Thai Papaya Sarah Davidson Evanega, Mark Lynas 32. Thinking the African Food Crisis: The Sahel Forty Years On Michael J. Watts 33. Transformation of the Agrifood Industry in Developing Countries Thomas Reardon, C. Peter Timmer 34. The Twenty-first Century Agricultural Land Rush Gregory Thaler 35. Agricultural Futures: The Politics of Knowledge Ian Scoones Index
