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基本説明
New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 2001.
Full Description
John Horty effectively develops deontic logic (the logic of ethical concepts like obligation and permission) against the background of a formal theory of agency. He incorporates certain elements of decision theory to set out a new deontic account of what agents ought to do under various conditions over extended periods of time. Offering a conceptual rather than technical emphasis, Horty's framework allows a number of recent issues from moral theory to be set out clearly and discussed from a uniform point of view.
Contents
1. OVERVIEW ; 2. INDETERMINISM AND AGENCY ; 2.1 Branching time ; 2.1.1 Frames and Models ; 2.1.2 2.1.2 Propositions ; 2.2 Individual agency ; 2.2.1 Agents and choices ; 2.2.2 Stit operators ; 2.2.3 Some logical considerations ; 2.3 Individual ability ; 2.3.1 Kenny's objections ; 2.3.2 Brown's theory ; 2.3.3 Refraining and ability ; 2.4 Group agency and ability ; 2.4.1 Group actions ; 2.4.2 A group agency operator ; 3. OUGHT TO BE ; 3.1 The standard theory ; 3.2 A utilitarian theory ; 3.2.1 General models ; 3.2.2 Utilitarian models ; 3.2.3 Logic of the utilitarian ought ; 3.3 The Meinong/Chisholm analysis ; 3.3.1 The analysis ; 3.3.2 Some logical features ; 3.4 Evaluating the analysis ; 3.4.1 Agency in the complement ; 3.4.2 The gambling problem ; 4. OUGHT TO DO ; 4.1 Dominance ; 4.1.1 Ordering the propositions ; 4.1.2 A sure-thing argument ; 4.1.3 Ordering the actions ; 4.2 Dominance act utilitarianism ; 4.2.1 Optimal actions ; 4.2.2 The finite choice condition ; 4.3 A new deontic operator ; 4.3.1 The definition ; 4.3.2 Deontic logic and act utilitarianism ; 4.3.3 Logic of the dominance ought ; 4.4 Independence ; 4.4.1 Independence and conditionals ; 4.4.2 Conditionals and sure-thing reasoning ; 4.4.3 Refining the analysis ; 5. CONDITIONAL OUGHTS ; 5.1 Conditionally optimal actions ; 5.2 A conditional operator ; 5.2.1 The definition ; 5.2.2 Some logical considerations ; 5.3 Two patterns of argument ; 5.3.1 The action argument ; 5.3.2 The ought argument ; 5.4 Orthodox act utilitarianism ; 5.4.1 An example ; 5.4.2 The definition ; 5.4.3 An orthodox deontic operator ; 6. GROUP OUGHTS ; 6.1 Optimal group actions ; 6.2 Individual and group act utilitarianism ; 6.3 Deontic operators for group oughts ; 6.3.1 Definitions ; 6.3.2 Some logical points ; 6.4 Rule utilitarianism ; 6.4.1 Formulating the theory ; 6.4.2 Act and rule utilitarianism ; 7. STRATEGIC OUGHTS ; 7.1 Strategies ; 7.1.1 Basic idea ; 7.1.2 Limiting the range ; 7.2 Strategies and choices ; 7.2.1 Agency ; 7.2.2 Ability ; 7.3 Strategic dominance and optimality ; 7.3.1 Dominance ; 7.3.2 Optimality ; 7.4 A strategic ought operator ; 7.4.1 The definition ; 7.4.2 Logical points ; 7.4.3 Actualism and possibilism ; A. Proofs of validities and propositions ; A.1 Validities ; A.2 Propositions ; Bibliography ; Index
