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Full Description
Moral problems do not always come in the form of great social controversies. More often, the moral decisions we make are made quietly, constantly, and within the context of everyday activities and quotidian dilemmas. Indeed, these smaller decisions are based on a moral foundation that few of us ever stop to think about but which guides our every action.
Here distinguished philosopher Bernard Gert presents a clear and concise introduction to what he calls "common morality"--the moral system that most thoughtful people implicitly use when making everyday, common sense moral decisions and judgments. Common Morality is useful in that--while not resolving every disagreement on controversial issues--it is able to distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable answers to moral problems.
Contents
Introduction
Some Areas of Widespread Agreement
Distinguishing Features of Moral Judgments
Rationality and Human Nature
Areas of Moral Disagreement
Analogy between Morality and Grammar
Part I: The Moral System
Features of the Moral System
The Moral Rules
The Moral Ideals
General Characteristics of Moral Rules
Interpreting the Rules
Violations of Moral Rules Involve Liability to Punishment
Justifying Violations of the Moral Rules
The Two-Step Procedure for Justifying Violations of the Moral Rules
Moral Virtues an Vices
Summary and Test
Part II: The Moral Theory
The Justification of Morality
Characteristics of Moral Agents
Knowledge or Beliefs Required of All Moral Agents
Irrationality and Rationality
Rationality as Maximizing Satisfaction of Desires
Objectively Irrational Actions
Personally Irrational Actions
Reasons Versus Motives
All Reasons Have Justifying Force
Reasons and Desires
Adequate Reasons
Rationality, Morality, and Self-Interest
Impartiality
Two Philosophical Attempts to Achieve Moral Impartiality
Justifying Moral Impartiality
Why Act Morally?
Morality as an Informal Public System
The Role of Governments in Settling Unresolvable Moral Disagreements
Rights
The Consequences of Morality Not Always Providing a Unique Correct Answer
A Complete Moral Theory
Conclusion
Flow Charts
Notes
Glossary
Index
