Full Description
The Oxford History of Western Music, College Edition, Second Edition, immerses students in the engaging story of the Western musical tradition. By emphasizing the connections among works, both within each cultural era and across time and place, the text goes beyond a basic retelling of the music's history to build students' ability to listen critically to key works. A full suite of instructor resources, a free open-access studentCompanion Website, a three-volume score anthology, and streaming audio recordings support the text, making The Oxford History of Western Music, College Edition, Second Edition, a complete program for buildingstudents' understanding and appreciation of the classical canon.
Contents
IntroductionPart I Ancient and Medieval MusicChapter 1: Music from Antiquity to Gregorian Chant: C. 1200 BCE-750 CEMusic in the Bible and Ancient GreeceAncient Greek Theories of MusicMusic of the Early Christian ChurchThe Legend of Pope Gregory IThe Development of the Liturgy: The OfficesThe Order of the MassWriting It Down: NeumesGuido of ArezzoChurch ModesPsalmody in Practice: The Office and the MassThe Structure of the MassFrankish Additions to the Chant RepertoryHildegard of BingenOther New Frankish Musical FormsHymnsTropesLiturgical DramasMarian AntiphonsNotated Music and the Persistence of Oral TraditionsSummary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 2: Secular and Cathedral Music in the Middle Ages: c.1100-1300Troubadours Performance and Oral CultureMusic for the Elites versus Music for the PeopleThe Trouveres in Northern FranceAdam de la Halle and the Formes FixesThe Geographic Spread of the Troubadour and Trouvere TraditionsMusical Instruments in the Middle AgesPolyphony: Music for More Than one VoiceOrganum and Its ModificationsOrganum and DiscantPolyphony in Aquitanian Monastic CentersMusic in Parisian Cathedrals and UniversitiesNotre Dame PolyphonyMetrical MusicOrganum and Conductus with Three and Four VoicesThe Motet: Music for an Intellectual and Political Elite"Franconian" or Mensural NotationThe Late Thirteenth-Century MotetSummary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 3: The Ars Nova: Musical Developments in the Fourteenth Century Ars Nova NotationThe Roman de FauvelIsorhythmic TechniqueGuilluame de Machaut: Poet and MusicianMachaut and the Art of Courtly SongMachaut and the Isorhythmic MotetMusica FictaMachaut's VirelaisMachaut's Messe de Nostre DameA New Complexity: Ars SubtiliorTrecento Vernacular Music in ItalyTwo "Wild Bird" Madrigals by Jacopo da BolognaFrancesca Landini and the Ballata CultureThe Crowning Era of the Ars Nova MotetGuillaume Du Fay's Nuper rosarum floresThe Problem with Musical PeriodsSummary Study Questions Key Terms Part II The RenaissanceChapter 4: Music in Europe: Towards an International Style, 1300-1500The Influence of English MusicSurviving English ManuscriptsThe English Kings and the Hundred Years WarThe Influence of John Dunstable on French MusicGuillaume Du Fay and Fauxbourdon TechniqueDu Fay and BinchoisThe Spread of Music for the EliteThe Cyclic Mass in the RenaissanceThe Growth of Four-part HarmonyThe "Caput" MassThe Man at ArmsThe Importance of "Pervading Imitation"High, Middle, and Low Musical StylesHigh Church Music in EnglandMoltetti Missales in MilanSecular Love SongsInstrumental MusicSummary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 5: Church Polyphony in the Late Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries: c. 1475-1600The Legendary Josquin des Prez Changes in Music TheoryJosquin's CareerA Model Masterpiece: Josquin's Ave MariaJosquin's Influence of Other ComposersThe "Perfect Art" of the RenaissanceAdrian Willaert and the Post-Josquin GenerationThe New Instrumental MusicJacques BuusGiovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Palestrina Continues the TraditionPalestrina's Missa Papae Marcelli and the Council of TrentPalestrina's StylePalestrina's Textbook CounterpointWilliam Byrd in EnglandMusic under Elizabeth IByrd's Music of Religious DefianceWhy Musical Styles ChangedSummary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 6: Religious and Secular Music of the Sixteenth CenturyThe Protestant ReformationMusic in the Lutheran ChurchSinging Together: The Lutheran ChoraleThe Catholic Response: The Counter-ReformationGrand Polychoral and "Concerted" MusicAndrea Gabrielli and the Art of OrchestrationVernacular Music in the Sixteenth CenturyVernacular Song in ItalyThe "Parisian" ChansonOrlando di Lasso: Cosmopolitan ComposerThe Literary Revolution: Music's Relation to WordsThe Return of the MadrigalLate Italian MadrigalistsClaudio MonteverdiCarlo GesualdoMusic for the EyesThe English MadrigalThe Three W's: Ward, Wilbye, and WeelkesSummary Study Questions Key Terms Part III The Baroque EraChapter 7: Humanism and the Birth of Opera: 1570-1640The Baroque EraHumanism and the Greek PastMonody and the Representational StyleThe Intermedio: An Allegorical Pageant with MusicThe Triumph of Monody Madrigals and Arias RevisitedThe Birth of OperaEstablishing Operatic Conventions: "Heard" and "Unheard" MusicMonteverdi's Operas: From Court Celebrations to Commericial Entertainments L'OrfeoMonteverdi's Later Career in VeniceOpera and PoliticsMonteverdi's Final Opera: L'incoronazione di PoppeaMonteverdi's Operas: From Court Celebrations to Commercial EntertainmentsSummaryStudy Questions Key Terms Chapter 8: Music in Italy, Germany, France, and England: 1600-1740The Rise of Instrumental MusicMaster Organists: Frescobaldi and SweelinckThe Chorale Partita and Chorale ConcertoGermany, the Thirty Years War, and Heinrich SchutzSchutz Returns to a Germany at WarItalian Oratorio and CantataBarbara Strozzi: Performer and ComposerFrench Opera: Tragedie lyriqueDrama as Court Ritual: Lully's AtysJean-Philippe RameauThe Keyboard "Portraits" of Francois Couperin English Music: Masques and Consort MusicPurcell's Dido and AeneasSummary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 9: Italian Opera Seria and the Concerto Style: 1650-1750Opera SeriaReforming OperaMetastasio and the Role of the LibrettistThe Power of the Opera SingersCorelli and the Development of the ConcertoAntonio VivaldiMusic Imitating Nature: Vivaldi's The Four SeasonsSummary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 10: Class of 1685: Bach and Handel Bach and Handel's Changing ReputationsBach's Life and CareerBach's Instrumental Music The Chorale Prelude The FugueThe Well-tempered ClavierThe Baroque Dance Suite:From France to GermanyThe Brandenburg Concertos: Stylistic HybridsBach's Vocal WorksCantatasPassions Handel's Life and CareerHandel's MusicInstrumental MusicOperas OratoriosMessiahHandel's "Borrowing"Summary Study Questions Key Terms Part IV The Classical EraChapter 11: The Mid-Eighteenth Century: From Bach's Sons to the Comic StyleForefather of the New Style: Domenico ScarlattiBach's SonsThe Music of Wilhelm Friedmann BachC. P. E. Bach's Expressive MusicThe London Bach: Johann ChristianIntermission PlaysPergolesi's La Serva Padrona The "War of the Buffoons": Giovanni Battista PergolesiOperatic InnovationsThe Reform Operas of GluckMusic and Culture in the Enlightenment Summary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 12: Concert Life Lifts Off, 1725-1810: Franz Joseph Haydn The Birth of the SymphonyModern Concert Life Is Born The Mannheim Orchestra: "An Army of Generals" Franz Joseph HaydnHaydn's Early Life and CareerHaydn's Years with the Esterhazy Family Haydn's Symphony No. 45: The "Farewell" SymphonyHaydn's String Quartets and ConcertosThe Symphony Composer in LondonSonata Form Haydn's Symphony No. 104, "London"Haydn's Final YearsSummary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 13: The Composer's Voice: Mozart (1756-1791)Mozart's Early Operas Musical Portraits in OperaThe "Da Ponte" Operas Mozart's Two Last OperasMozart's Symphonies The "Symphonic" Concerto Is Born The Piano Concerto in G Major, K. 453 Domestic Genres Sacred Music and the Requiem Mozart and the Emergence of RomanticismThe "Beautiful" and the "Sublime"Summary Study Questions Key TermsPart V Romanticism Chapter 14: Beethoven (1770-1827)The Religion of ArtEarly Life and WorksEarly LifeThe Move to ViennaPersonal Disaster: The Loss of HearingThe Middle PeriodThe Mighty Eroica SymphonyBeethoven's Opera Fidelio The Fifth Symphony and Fate "More Expression of Feeling than Tone Painting": The Pastoral Symphony Concert Life in Beethoven's Vienna Rising Fame and Decreasing Productivity Late Beethoven The Ninth Symphony Inwardness: The Late String Quartets Summary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 15: Opera in the Age of Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, and Weber: 1810-1850The Popularity of RossiniRossinian Conventions: The OvertureImbroglio: The Comic FinaleThe Serious AriaVincenzo Bellini and Bel CantoGaetano DonizettiGerman Romantic Opera: Carl Maria von Weber's Der FreichutzNationalismFolk Song, Folklore, and Folk TalesSummaryStudy QuestionsKey TermsChapter 16: Schubert's Private Art: 1797-1828Schubert: A Life in ArtSchubert's Health CrisisWhat Contemporaries Knew of Schubert's MusicThe Elevation of the LiedLyric and Ballad: Goethe's "Heideroeslein" and "Der Erlkoenig"Schubert's Settings of GoetheSchubert's Piano Character PiecesSchubert's Later WorksThe "Unfinished" SymphonyFollowing BeethovenSchubert's Last SongsSummaryStudy QuestionsKey TermsChapter 17: Romantic Spectacles: From Virtuosos to Grand Opera: 1800-1850The Devil's Violinist: Niccolo PaganiniPaganini's Caprices"The Paganini of the Piano": Franz LisztTransforming Music through ArrangementsThe Lisztian ConcertSpectacle on the Stage: French Grand OperaDaniel-Francois-Esprit Auber's La muette de PorticiGiacomo Meyerbeer Meyerbeer's Contested ReputationSummaryStudy QuestionsKey TermsChapter 18: Music and Literature: Berlioz, Mendelssohn, and Schumann, 1830-1850Hector BerliozBerlioz's Fantastic First SymphonyThe Orchestration of the FantastiqueTracing the Idee Fixe through the FantastiqueThe Initial Reception of the Symphonie fantastiqueThe Prodigious MendelssohnThe Concert OvertureMendelssohn's Paulus and Civic NationalismNationalism Takes a Racial TurnSchumann and Literature The Influence of Literature on Schumann's MusicSchumann's "Year of Song"Schumann's Last YearsGenius Restrained: Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel and Clara Wieck Schumann SummaryStudy QuestionsKey TermsChapter 19: "Outsiders" in the Romantic Tradition: Chopin, Gottschalk, and Glinka, 1820-1860The Genius of ChopinChopin's Career: From Warsaw to ParisThe Pinnacle of Salon MusicThe Chopinesque MiniatureChopin's Mazurkas and BalladesAn American Virtuoso: Louis Moreau GottschalkRussia: The NewcomerNational Markings and Folk TunesMikhail GlinkaAn Education in Italy and GermanyGlinka's A Life for the TsarSummaryStudy QuestionsKey TermsChapter 20: Musical Politics in the Mid-19th CenturyFranz Brendel and the Dialectic of HistoryThe New German SchoolLiszt's Symphonic PoemsLiszt's Les Preludes The Meaning of Les Preludes"The Music of the Future"Eduard Hanslick and Absolute MusicThe Concerto TransformedConcertos by Mendelssohn, Schumann, Liszt, and BerliozSummaryStudy QuestionsKey TermsChapter 21: Richard Wagner and Giuseppe Verdi: Class of 1813Art and Revolution: Wagner's Early Career A Union of the ArtsFrom Theory into Practice: The Ring of the Nibelung Wagnerian Leitmotifs Wagner's Theories on Words, Orchestra, and Theater The Ultimate Experience: Tristan und Isolde The Love Duet and "Liebestod" in Tristan and Isolde Troubling Parallels between Wagner's Life and ArtWagner's Final Opera: Parsifal Verdi: Upholding the Italian Tradition Early Verdi: The "Galley" Years Stirrings of Revolution: The Struggle for a Unified ItalyTragicomedy in the Shakespearean Manner A Trio of MasterpiecesIl trovatore and La traviata Rigoletto: Opera as Modern Drama Verdi in RetirementVerdi's Last Opera: FalstaffSummaryStudy Questions Key Terms Chapter 22: Music in Eastern Europe and Russia: 1825-1895Bedrich Smetana: Czech ComposerEarly Life and WorkTravels AbroadReturn to PragueSmetana's Ma vlast and His Later OperasRussian Musical NationalismA New Russian MusicModest Musorgsky's Realism Boris Godunov and Russian HistoryThe Coronation Scene Revising Boris GodunovPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Tchaikovsky and 19th Century Russian Symphonies Fate in Music: Tchaikovsky's Fourth SymphonyTchaikovsky's Life versus His ArtSummary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 23: The Revival of the Symphony: 1875-1900New Halls and New Orchestras The Development of the Classical Canon"New Paths": Johannes Brahms Brahms's Symphonic Attempts Brahms's Chamber Music and "Developing Variation"Brahms's Choral WorksBrahms's First SymphonyThe Symphony as Sacrament: Anton BrucknerThe Czech Master: Antonin DvorakDvorak in AmericaThe "Boston School"Symphonies in France Summary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 24: Opera of the Later 19th Century: 1850-1900Stereotyping the Other: "Orientalism" Bizet's Carmen Russian OrientalismOpera Lyrique OperettaJacques Offenbach and French OperettaJohann Strauss II: The Waltz King and Viennese Operetta England's Gilbert and Sullivan Verismo The Classic vs. the Popular: The Operas of Giacomo PucciniSummary Study Questions Key Terms Part VI The Twentieth Century to TodayChapter 25: Early Modernism in Vienna: Mahler, Strauss, and Schoenberg (1890-1918)The Birth of ModernismVienna at the Turn of the CenturyMaximalism Gustav Mahler: Conductor and Composer Mahler's Lieder From Symphonic Poem to First Symphony Moving Beyond Program MusicMahler's Middle PeriodMahler's Late Works Richard Strauss: Radical ModernistMaximalizing Opera: Strauss's SalomeArnold Schoenberg: The Next GenerationA New Synthesis of Wagner and BrahmsSchoenberg's ExpressionismThe "Emancipation of Dissonance" The Monodrama Erwartung At the Opposite Extreme: Schoenberg's Atonal MiniaturesSchoenberg's Pierrot lunaire Summary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 26: Modernism in France: 1870-1930Erik Satie: Escaping the Shadow of WagnerClaude Debussy: Searching for a New Harmonic FreedomEarly YearsImpressionism and Symbolism Pelleas et Melisande "Essentially French": Gabriel Faure and Maurice RavelMaurice Ravel New Possibilities for Women The Rebirth of BalletStravinsky's The Firebird and Petrushka The Rite of Spring Scandalized Reactions to The Rite of SpringSummary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 27: Nationalism in Music: 1890-1930Finland's Jean Sibelius England: Elgar and Vaughan WilliamsThe Allure of Spain: Manual de FallaFolk and Modernist Synthesis: Bela Bartok Adopting Folk Traditions to Modern MusicModernism in Eastern Europe: Karol Szymanowski and George Enescu The Oldest Modernist: Leos Janac ekSpeech Melodies Alexander Scriabin: From Expression to Revelation Scriabin's Mysterium Charles Ives: American ModernistReactions to Ives's MusicThe Concord Sonata Nostalgia in Ives's Music: Three Places in New EnglandThe Nationalists' LegacySummary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 28: Neoclassicism and Twelve-Tone Music: 1915-1950 The First World War and Its Impact on the ArtsNeoclassicismIgor Stravinsky's Neoclassical Path The Music of Stravinsky's Octet Arnold Schoenberg's Twelve-Tone RevolutionThe Road to Twelve-Tone MusicThe Rules of Twelve-Tone MusicAlban Berg's Twelve-Tone Romanticism Anton Webern's Structural RigorSummary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 29: Music Between the Wars: 1920-1940Popular Music and Classical Composers: Ragtime, Blues, and JazzJazz's Impact on French MusicIn Search of "Real" American MusicAaron Copland in ParisGeorge Gershwin and Popular MusicDuke EllingtonSurrealism in Music Satie's ParadeFurther Forays in French Surrealism: Les SixAmerican Surrealism Music in Germany Between the WarsAlban Berg's Wozzeck Music for Political Action From Vienna to Hollywood: Operatic Techniques in Film ScoresSummary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 30: Music and Totalitarianism in the Soviet Union, Italy, and Germany 1920-1945Totalitarianism and MusicThe Rise of the Soviet Union Music in the Soviet Union The Rise of Socialist Realism Dmitry Shostakovich's Troubled Life and CareerShostakovich's Fifth Symphony: Capitulation or Hidden Critique?Shostakovich's Later WorksSergey Prokofiev's Return to His HomelandItalian Fascism Arturo Toscanini and Music Making in the New Italy Music in Nazi GermanyThe Flight to FreedomCarl Orff and Youth Culture Shades of Gray: Hartmann, Webern, and Strauss SummaryStudy Questions Key Terms Chapter 31: Music and Politics in America and Its Allies: 1930-1950Ultra-modernComposersEdgard Varese Splitting the Semitone: Microtonal MusicNew Sounds, New Instruments, New Tunings The American Left and MusicAaron Copland's"American" MusicCarlos Chavez and Silvestre Revueltas in Mexico American Patriotic Works The Great American Symphony Accessible Listening: Samuel Barber and Sergey Rachmaninoff Opera in Midcentury Benjamin Britten A Modern Antihero: Britten's Peter Grimes Britten on "The Composer's Duty"Olivier Messiaen: "The Charm of Impossibilities" Messiaen's Quartet for the End of Time Faith, Nature, Color, and Rhythm Summary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 32: Music in the Aftermath of World War II: 1945-1970The Aftermath of World War IIThe Revival of SerialismToward Total Serialism: Olivier Messiaen's Mode de valeurs et d'intensites The Darmstadt SchoolConversions to SerialismAmerican Academic MusicIndeterminacy: John Cage and the "New York School" Music for Prepared Piano Silence "Permission": Cage's Influence Morton Feldman: Preserving the Avant-garde Electronics: An Old Dream Comes True Musique Concrete versus Elektronische Musik The New Technology Spreads Electronics and Live Music Music in History: Elliott Carter and Milton Babbitt "Who Cares if You Listen?" Summary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 33: Change in the Sixties and Seventies: Rock, Minimalism, and The Mixing of Art and Popular MusicThe Revolutionary SixtiesThe Music of Youth: Rock 'n' Roll The British Invasion: The Beatles The Influence of RockThe Rise of Minimalism La Monte Young Terry Riley's In C "Classical" Minimalism: Steve Reich Phase Music Music for 18 Musicians Philip Glass Einstein on the Beach The Impact of MinimalismThe Spiritual Minimalists Summary Study Questions Key Terms Chapter 34 "Many Streams": Millennium's End, 1970-PresentCompeting Visions for MusicA New Diversity Postmodernism Collage and Pastiche: Luciano Berio and George Rochberg Pastiche Across Time and Space: George Crumb and Frederic RzewskiThe Neo-RomanticsAmerican Neo-RomanticsEuropean Neo-RomanticsThe Avant-Garde ContinuesThe Digital Revolution Performance Art The Death of Classical Music and the Revival of OperaJohn Adams and Nixon in China A New Spirituality Summary Study Questions Key Terms Notes Glossary Further Reading Index
